Table 1.
Overall characteristics and outcomes of the study population.
| Characteristics | All patients with tandem occlusion | Patients with carotid dissection-related tandem occlusion |
|---|---|---|
| Cohort size (no.) | 214 | 45 |
| Demographics | ||
| Median age (range) (years) | 68 (29–95) | 54 (29–86) |
| Male, no. (%) | 147 (68.7%) | 37 (82.2%) |
| Left hemisphere stroke | 112 (52.3%) | 20 (44.4%) |
| Cardiovascular risk factors | No. (%) | No. (%) |
| Atrial fibrillation, no. (%) | 29 (13.9%) | 4 (8.8%) |
| Diabetes mellitus, no. (%) | 24 (11.5%) | 1 (2.2%) |
| Prior transient ischemic attack, no. (%) | 13 (6.2%) | 2 (4.4%) |
| Smoking, no. (%) | 55 (26.4%) | 10 (22.2%) |
| Baseline assessment | ||
| NIHSS Score, median (±SD) | 17 ( ± 5.4) | 16 ( ± 5.9) |
| ASPECTS score, median (±SD) | 8 ( ± 1.7) | 9 ( ± 1.8) |
| Treatment characteristics | ||
| Onset-to-groin time (minutes), median (±SD) | 230 ( ± 157.7) | 225 ( ± 206.1) |
| Onset-to-recanalization time (minutes), median (±SD) | 300 ( ± 161.6) | 313 ( ± 203.7) |
| Procedural time (minutes), median (±SD) | 63 ( ± 55.9) | 73 ( ± 52.6) |
| EVT attempts per-procedure, median (±SD) | 2 ( ± 2.2) | 2 ( ± 1.9) |
| Antegrade approach, no. (%) | 109 (51.6%) | 15 (33.3%) |
| Retrograde approach, no. (%) | 102 (48.4%) | 30 (66.7%) |
| Internal carotid artery angioplasty, no. (%) | 37 (17.3%) | 7 (15.5%) |
| Internal carotid artery aspiration, no. (%) | 82 (38.3%) | 21 (46.7%) |
| Internal carotid artery emergent stenting, no. (%) | 95 (44.4%) | 17 (37.7%) |
| Medical treatment | No. (%) | No. (%) |
| Preprocedural antiplatelet therapy, no. (%) | 39 (18.2%) | 6 (13.3%) |
| Intraprocedural antiplatelet therapy, no. (%) | 63 (29%) | 13 (28.9%) |
| Preprocedural anticoagulation therapy, no. (%) | 10 (4.7%) | 1 (2.2%) |
| Intraprocedural anticoagulation therapy, no. (%) | 50 (23.4%) | 9 (20%) |
| Intravenous thrombolysis | 101 (52.6%) | 25 (65.8%) |
| Intraoperative angiographic findings | No. (%) | No. (%) |
| Complete circle of willis | 115 (65.7%) | 25 (75.7%) |
| Contralateral significant internal carotid artery stenosis | 33 (18.1%) | 1 (3%) |
| Treatment outcomes | ||
| mTICI ≥2b, no. (%) | 162 (78.3%) | 40/43 (93%) |
| mTICI ≥3, no. (%) | 108 (51.9%) | 33/43 (76.7%) |
| Intracerebral hemorrhage, no. (%) | 75 (35%) | 17 (37.8%) |
| Symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage, no. (%) | 23 (10.7%) | 7 (15.6%) |
| 90-days mRS, median (±SD) | 3 ( ± 2.2) | 1.5 ( ± 2.2) |
| 90-days mRS ≤2, no. (%) | 86 (44.8%) | 25/42 (59.5%) |
| 90-days mRS ≤3, no. (%) | 106 (55.2%) | 28/42 (66.7%) |
| 90-days death, no. (%) | 42 (21.9%) | 5 (11.9%) |