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. 2023 Jan 13;25(2):98. doi: 10.3892/etm.2023.11797

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Copyright: © Fan et al.

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

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Effects of prednisolone, and vitamin D and vitamin E, alone and combined, on the levels of IL-6, IL-12, IL-18, TNF-α and IFN-γ in colon tissues at various time points. The levels of these five cytokines were analyzed on day 8 in colon tissues from G1 and G2. The levels of the five cytokines in G2 were significantly elevated compared with those in G1. On day 15, the levels of the five cytokines were analyzed in G1, G2, G3, G4, G5b and G6. Data are presented as the mean ± SEM. n=6. ^*P<0.05. G1, control group; G2, 5% DSS group; G3, prednisolone group; G4, vitamin D group; G5a-c, vitamin E (low, medium and high) groups; G6, vitamin D + vitamin E group; DSS, dextran sodium sulfate; IFN-γ, interferon-γ; IL, interleukin; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α.