Figure 1.

Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) modulation of fibroblast activation protein expression in human primary lung fibroblasts. (A) Human primary lung fibroblasts from healthy donors were treated with TGF-β (10 ng/ml) for the indicated times (24, 48, and 72 h). The corresponding negative control at each time point was set and then subjected to Western blot to analyze the expression of fibroblast activation protein (FAP), fibronectin, and α smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). (B) At the same time, immunofluorescence staining was used to detect the expression of FAP at different time points after being treated with TGF-β (10 ng/ml). The red color represents FAP immunoreactive signals, whereas the blue indicates DAPI staining. (C) Five concentration gradients (0.5, 1, 2, 5, and 10 ng/ml TGF-β) and negative control (0 ng/ml TGF-β) groups were implemented for 48 hours in a TGF-β dose-dependent experiment. Western blot analysis was used to detect the FAP, fibronectin, collagen I, and α-SMA. (D) Expression of FAP in mouse lung tissues at different time points after bleomycin (BLM) model.