Table 2.

Forgiveness During Each Treatment Phase: Mediation Analysis

Regimens Grouped by Length	Direct Effect 0	Indirect Effect 1	Direct Effect 1	Indirect Effect 0	Proportion of Total Effect Mediated
6-mo	1.12 (1.01–1.32)	1.34 (1.19–1.50)	1.20 (1.07–1.34)	1.25 (1.17–1.34)	0.64 (0.49–0.90)
4-mo	1.15 (1.04–1.27)	1.30 (1.21–1.40)	1.29 (1.18–1.41)	1.16 (1.10–1.23)	0.51 (0.42–0.66)

Direct effects and indirect effects are expressed as odds ratios and (95% confidence intervals); 0–95% versus >95%–100% (baseline) dose-taking compared. Direct effect 0: how much the risk of the negative composite outcome would change if intensive phase dose-taking changed from >95%–100% to 0–95% but, for each individual, continuation phase dose-taking was fixed at the degree it would have taken, for that individual, when intensive phase dose-taking was >95%–100%. Direct effect 1: as per direct effect 0, but when continuation phase dose-taking is fixed at the degree it would have taken, for that individual, when intensive phase dose-taking (exposure) was ⩽95%. Indirect effect 0: how much the outcome would change, on average, if intensive phase dose-taking was fixed at >95%–100%, but continuation phase dose-taking changed from the degree it would take if intensive phase dose-taking was >95%–100% to if intensive phase dose-taking was ⩽95%. Indirect effect 1: as per indirect effect 0, but when intensive phase dose-taking fixed at ⩽95%. Models adjusted for sex, age (fitted using a fractional polynomial), ethnicity, HIV and CD4 status, smear status at baseline (most severe), cavitation at baseline, and a three-degree fixed-effect for trial.