Table 2.
Different Types of Nanocarriers Used in Anti-Cancer Drug Delivery.
| Sl. no. | Types of Nanocarrier | Size | Properties | Treatment | Drugs Used | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Organic nanoparticles | ||||||
| 1. | Liposomal paclitaxel (ES-SSL-PTX) | 135.93 nm | Estrogen-receptive sterically stabilized long-acting paclitaxel liposome | Breast cancer | Paclitaxel | 37 |
| 2. | Liposomal (PLAD-MLP) | 110 nm | Liposome formulation for several drugs with desirable pharmacological characteristics | Liver cancer & Lung cancer | Doxorubicin & Alendronate | 38 |
| 3. | PLGA-PEG (GEM+BA) PNPs | 195.93 ± 6.83 nm | Biodegradeable Polymer co-encapsulated for superior anti-tumor efficiency | Pancreatic cancer line | Gemcitabine+ Betulinic acid | 39 |
| 4. | Polmeric Micelle-PTX | 10-100 nm | Highly effective physiochemical characteristics, medication loading, and release capabilities, biocompatibility, and tumor targetability | Ovarian, breast, and pancreatic cancer | Paclitaxel | 40 |
| 5. | Dendrimer PAMAM-Liphopholic Pluronics | 60-180 nm | Exhibiting a highest drug loading efficiency | Breast cancer | Fluorouracil (5-FU) | 41 |
| 6. | GALD7 | 350 nm | Promote apoptosis Neuroblastoma cell lines | Adrenal gland (kidney) | Gallic acid | 42 |
| Inorganic nanoparticles | ||||||
| 7. | Au Nanoparticle Au-SMCC-DOX | – | Enhanced cytotoxicity to cancer cell | Liver cancer cell line (HepG2 & HepG2-R) | Doxorubicin | 43 |
| 8. | Carbon Nanotube (DTX-CNTP-Tf) | 241-483 nm in length | Higher cytotoxicity, low ROS generation, and low toxic profile when conjugated with transferrin | Lung cancer (A549 cells) | Docetaxel | 44 |
| 9. | Silica Nanoparticle | 4 nm | Cell internalization improved in the simulated medium | Prostate cancer (LNCaP-Al) | Doxorubicin | 45 |
| 10. | Magnetic Nanoparticle (FeO NPs coated with silica) | 8-12 nm | Applying thermal therapy increases the killing of targeted tumor cell | Oral cancer (VB6) | Antibodies (anti αvβ6 integrin) | 46 |
| Hybrid nanoparticles | ||||||
| 11. | Lipid-Polymer hybrid NP (anti-CEA hAb) | 83-95 nm | Superior cytotoxicity | Pancreatic cancer | Paclitaxel | 47 |
| 12. | Organic-Inorganic hybrid (LB-MSNP-PTX-GEM) | 101 nm | Incorporation of PTX suppresses tumor stroma & GEM inhibiting enzyme CDA | Pancreatic cancer | Gemcitabine Paclitaxel | 48 |
| 13. | Organic-Inorganic hybrid (PSi NPs- Giant Liposome) | ∼170 nm | Effective cancer treatment, customizable therapeutic ratio, and regulated drug release | Breast cancer (MCF-7) | Doxorubicin 17 AAG Erlotinib | 49 |
| 14. | Cell membrane-coated NPs (DOX/MSN@CaCO3) | 100 nm | Bio-compatible, simple structure capped with CaCO3 on mesoporous silica that induces cell death | Prostate cancer | Doxorubicin | 50 |
| 15. | Cell membrane-coated NPs (DOX-CuS@RBC-B16 NPs) | 200 nm | Prolonged circulation time and enhanced homogeneous targeting abilities | Skin cancer (B16 F10 cell line) | Doxorubicin | 51 |
Abbreviations: ES-SSL-PTX, Estrogen sterically stabilized long-acting paclitaxel; PLAD-MLP, Pegylated liposome co-encapsulated Alendronate and Doxorubicin-Mitomycin-C lipidic prodrug; PLGA-PEG-GEM+BA, Polylactide-co-glycolide- polyethylene glycol-gemcitabine+betulinic acid; PAMAM, Polyamidoamine; GALD, Gallic acid loaded polyester-based dendrimer; Au-SMCC, Gold-Succinimidyl 4-(N-maleimidomethyl) cyclohexane-1-carboxylate; DTX, Docetaxel; CNTP, Carbon nanotube; Tf, Transferrin; anti-CEA-hAb, anti-carcinoembryonic antigen-half antibody; LB-MSNP-PTX-GEM, Lipid bilayer-mesoporous silica nanoparticle-paclitaxel-gemcitabine; 17-AAG, 17-N-allylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin (commonly tanespimycin); DOX-CuS@RBC-B16NPs, Doxorubicin-Copper sulfide-Red blood cell-Melanoma cells.