Table 6.
Application of Polymeric Nanoparticles in Cancer Treatment.
| Sl. no. | Types of Polymers | Encapsulated Drug | Size (nm) | Loading Amount | Types of Cancer Treatment/mice Used/(in Vivo, in Vitro) | Effectiveness | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. | PEO-PPO-PEO | Curcumin | 270-310 | 14.6% | Lung (A549 cell) and skin (A375 cell) cancer; in vivo | 34-fold (lung), 32-fold (skin) decrease in IC50 value for A549 and A375 cancer cell | 116 |
| 2. | PLGA-TPGS | Doxorubicin + Metformin | 87 ± 8.4 | 42% (DOX) 3% (Met) | Breast cancer (MCF-7) | Higher cytotoxic and apoptosis with IC50 value of the combined drug to be 1440 ng/mL | 128 |
| 3. | mPEG-PLGA-PGlu | Doxorubicin + Curcumin | 107 | 6% (DOX) 2% (CUR) | Breast cancer; in vitro-spheroids, in vivo-xenograft mice model | Decrease in cancer stem cells from 39.9% to 6.82% | 118 |
| 4. | PCLA-PEG-PCLA | Doxorubicin | 123.6 ± 2.9 | 9.5% DOX | Breast cancer (MCF-7) | 92.35% reduction in weight. | 129 |
| 5. | PEI-PLA-PEG-PAsp | Paclitaxel | 82.4 | 6.04% | Lung cancer (A549 cells) | Better cytotoxic effect with IC50 value of 1.48 mg/mL at pH 5.5 | 130 |
| 6. | DOX-Cs-CuO NPs | Doxorubicin | 265 | 89 μg/mg | Breast cancer (MCF-7) | Efficient in bringing cell apoptosis by inducing DNA fragmentation in a cancer cell. | 121 |
| 7. | PLNPs-ANS | Anastrozole | 193-218 | 80% drug encapsulated | Breast cancer (MCF-7) | The polymer showed an apoptotic effect on the estrogen-positive breast cancer cell line | 119 |
| 8. | PDA-AM-PGA-PTX | Paclitaxel | 70 | 100 mg/kg encapsulated in PNPs | Colorectal cancer (CT 26) | The incorporation of PNPs increases the dose to 3.6-fold | 131 |
| 9. | FA-Au-Cs-PLGA | Folic acid | 199.4 | – | Liver cancer (HepG2) embryonic kidney (HEK 293) breast cancer (MCF7) | Low cytotoxicity and highly efficient transgene capacity | 132 |
| 10. | PLGA-PEG-TQ-NPs | Thymoquinone | <100 | 12.5% of TQ loading | Breast cancer (UACC 732 cell, MCF-7 cell) | Selective cytotoxicity of about 20.05 μM | 124 |
| 11. | Biotin-PEG-PCL | Artemisinin | 76 | 12% w.r.t. PEG-PCL copolymer | Breast cancer (MCF-7) | Inhibit the growth of cancer cells and decrease tumor volume by 40 mm3 in comparison to the control group by 2510 mm3 | 127 |
| 12. | LPHNPs | DOX.HCl DOX.base | 182-208 | 17%-43% w.r.t to polymer | Prostate cancer (PC3 cell), breast cancer (MDA-MB 231 cell) | The higher antiproliferative effect on the prostate and breast cancer cell | 133 |
| 13. | DOX-F127 & P123-Tf | Doxorubicin | 90 | 18% w.r.t to the polymer | Ovarian cancer (OVCAR-3), breast cancer (MDA-MB-231 & MDA-MB-231(R)) | Inhibited cell migration and induced cell apoptosis | 123 |
| 14. | G-NCA-1-5-FU | 5-Fluorouracil | 100–270 | 10% w.r.t. to functionalized polymer | Skin cancer (basal carcinoma cells) | Exerts cytotoxic effects similar to free 5-FU | 122 |
| 15. | PLGA-PEG-NPs | Metformin (MET), Silibinin (SIL) | 205 | 12.5% (MET), 10% (SIL) | Breast cancer cell (T47D) | Significant synergistic effects in inhibition of cell viability and inducing cell apoptosis | 134 |
| 16. | CPS-200 | – | 50-200 | – | Breast cancer cells (MCF-7) | Cellular internalization occurs; smaller particles < 200 nm by clathrin-mediated endocytosis, larger particles > 500 nm by macropinocytosis | 126 |
| 17. | CAP/DOX@NPs | Capsaicin (CAP), Doxorubicin (DOX) | 48 | 4.3% CAP 8.2% DOX | Liver cancer cell (HepG2) | Enhanced systemic toxicity, potential anti-cancer synergistic therapeutic effects | 120 |
| 18. | LOS@PLGA-NPs | Losmapimod (LOS) | 89.45 | 5-25 mg/kg | Multiple myeloma (MM) cancer cells | Antimetastatic efficacy and inhibited cancer cell invasiveness | 125 |
Abbreviations: PEO, Polyethylene oxide; PPO, Polypropylene oxide; PLGA, Polyglycolic acid; TPGS, D-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate; PGlu, Poly(L-glutamic acid); DOX, Doxorubicin; CUR, Curcumin; mPEG, monomethoxy polyethylene glycol; PCLA, poly(ε-caprolactone-co-lactide); PEI-PLA, polyethyleneimine-block-polylactic acid; PEG-PAsp, poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(l-aspartic acid sodium salt); PTX, Paclitaxel; Cs-CuO-NPs, Chitosan coated copper oxide nanoparticles; PLNP-ANS, PEGylated polymer–lipid-hybrid nanoparticles-Anastrozole; PDA-AM-PGA, Polymerized dopamine-Amphiphilic micelles-poly(γ-glutamic acid); TQ, Thymoquinone; PEG-PCL, Poly(ethylene glycol)-block-Poly(e-caprolactone); LPNHPs, Lipid polymer hybrid nanoparticles; FI27, Poloxamer 407; P123, Poloxamer P123; Tf, Transferrin.