Table 1. Role of Vitamin E in Plants, Human Health, and Its Applications.

role in plants	role in human health	applications
• quenches reactive oxygen species in response to stress	• protects against AVEDa,27	• antioxidant stabilizer and antimicrobial agent in prosthetic materials40
• prevents lipid peroxidation in thylakoid membrane19	• effective in nondiabetic patients for NASH and NAFLDa,27	• drug delivery vector for bioavailability drugs40
• photoprotective function by scavenging singlet oxygen24	• cell signaling27	• solubilizing agent for excipients in solid dosages of pharmaceuticals41
• prevents oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids in nonphotosynthetic sites20	• gene regulation27	• antioxidant and antimicrobial agent in food preservation and packaging42
• acts as a signaling molecule20	• regulates platelet aggregation3	• used in clinical and cosmetic dermatology for its photoprotective function43
	• activation of protein kinase C3	• nutritional feed additives for cattle and poultry44
	• anti-inflammatory (low-degree inflammation)29
	• breakdown of lipids and, hence, effective in reducing obesity2
	• cytoprotective function—degradation of harmful xenobiotics27
	• beneficial role in preventing cardiovascular diseases,7,9 ocular pathologies,8 and cancer6,36

^aAVED, ataxia with vitamin E deficiency; NASH, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis; NAFLD, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.