Table 1.
Prevalence of self-reported, undiagnosed, and overall HT among older adults in India, 2017–18
| Self-reported HT | Undiagnosed HT | Overall HT | |
|---|---|---|---|
| % (95% CI) | % (95% CI) | % (95% CI) | |
| Individual factors | |||
| Age groups | |||
| 45–54 | 20.5 (19.0,22.1) | 16.4 (14.8,18.0) | 36.9 (35.1,38.7) |
| 55–64 | 27.6 (26.3,28.8) | 17.9 (17.0,18.8) | 45.5 (44.1,46.8) |
| 65–74 | 34.1 (32.1,36.0) | 19.3 (18.1,20.5) | 53.3 (51.6,55.1) |
| 75+ | 34.2 (31.7,36.6) | 18.6 (16.8,20.4) | 52.7 (49.9,55.6) |
| Sex | |||
| Men | 23.2 (22.1,24.4) | 19.2 (18.1,20.2) | 42.4 (41.1,43.7) |
| Women | 30.9 (29.7,32.2) | 16.6 (15.7,17.5) | 47.5 (46.3,48.8) |
| Education level | |||
| No education | 24.3 (23.4,25.3) | 18.2 (17.4,18.9) | 42.5 (41.5,43.5) |
| Primary | 29 (27.6,30.3) | 18.1 (17.1,19.2) | 47.1 (45.7,48.5) |
| Secondary | 31.6 (28.7,34.5) | 16.1 (14.8,17.3) | 47.7 (45.0,50.3) |
| Higher | 32.4 (28.2,36.5) | 17.9 (13.0,22.7) | 50.2 (45.4,55.1) |
| Working Status | |||
| Never worked | 35.5 (33.4,37.6) | 15.1 (13.5,16.8) | 50.7 (48.6,52.7) |
| Currently working | 18.8 (17.8,19.9) | 19.3 (18.3,20.4) | 38.2 (37.0,39.4) |
| Not currently working | 34 (32.4,35.6) | 17.7 (16.7,18.7) | 51.7 (50.1,53.3) |
| Marital Status | |||
| Currently married | 25.4 (24.4,26.3) | 17.4 (16.5,18.2) | 42.7 (41.7,43.8) |
| Widowed | 34.5 (32.5,36.5) | 19.1 (17.9,20.2) | 53.6 (51.8,55.4) |
| D/S/D/Othersa | 20.8 (16.7,24.9) | 17.7 (14.1,21.3) | 38.5 (32.3,44.8) |
| Morbidities | |||
| Diabetes | |||
| No | 22.4 (21.8,23.0) | 19 (18.2,19.7) | 41.4 (40.5,42.2) |
| Yes | 63.8 (60.8,66.8) | 10.2 (9.0,11.4) | 74 (71.6,76.4) |
| Stroke | |||
| No | 26.9 (26.0,27.7) | 18 (17.3,18.7) | 44.9 (44.0,45.8) |
| Yes | 60.8 (56.3,65.3) | 9.6 (7.2,12.0) | 70.4 (66.4,74.5) |
| Arthritis | |||
| No | 26.2 (25.4,27.0) | 18.3 (17.6,19.1) | 44.5 (43.6,45.4) |
| Yes | 40.6 (36.2,45.1) | 13.2 (11.6,14.8) | 53.9 (49.7,58.0) |
| Difficulty in ADLb | |||
| No | 25.8 (24.9,26.7) | 18 (17.2,18.8) | 43.8 (42.8,44.7) |
| Yes | 36.1 (33.8,38.3) | 17.5 (16.0,19.0) | 53.6 (51.5,55.6) |
| Difficulty in IADLc | |||
| No | 24.8 (23.8,25.7) | 18.1 (17.2,19.1) | 42.9 (41.8,44.0) |
| Yes | 32.1 (30.5,33.7) | 17.5 (16.6,18.5) | 49.6 (48.2,51.1) |
| BMI categories | |||
| Normal | 24.2 (23.4,25.0) | 20.4 (19.5,21.2) | 44.5 (43.5,45.5) |
| Underweight | 15.5 (14.4,16.6) | 17.1 (16.0,18.2) | 32.6 (31.1,34.1) |
| Overweight/obese | 41.6 (39.3,43.8) | 20.9 (18.7,23.1) | 62.4 (60.5,64.4) |
| Lifestyle factors | |||
| Moderate activities | |||
| Inactive | 29.9 (28.9,30.9) | 18 (17.2,18.9) | 48 (46.9,49.1) |
| Active | 26 (24.8,27.3) | 17.9 (16.9,18.9) | 44 (42.7,45.2) |
| Vigorous activities | |||
| Inactive | 30.8 (29.7,31.8) | 17.5 (16.7,18.4) | 48.3 (47.3,49.3) |
| Active | 20.5 (19.0,22.0) | 18.9 (17.5,20.3) | 39.4 (37.7,41.1) |
| Smoking status | |||
| Never | 28.7 (27.7,29.7) | 17.9 (17.1,18.7) | 46.6 (45.6,47.6) |
| Former | 31.7 (28.1,35.4) | 16.5 (14.3,18.7) | 48.2 (44.9,51.6) |
| Current | 18.5 (17.4,19.7) | 19 (17.6,20.4) | 37.5 (35.9,39.1) |
| Chewing tobacco status | |||
| Never | 29 (27.9,30.1) | 17.4 (16.5,18.3) | 46.4 (45.3,47.5) |
| Former | 33.4 (28.6,38.3) | 18 (14.7,21.2) | 51.4 (46.6,56.1) |
| Current | 21.2 (20.1,22.4) | 20.1 (19.0,21.2) | 41.3 (40.0,42.7) |
| Alcohol use | |||
| No | 28.6 (27.6,29.6) | 17.1 (16.3,17.8) | 45.7 (44.6,46.7) |
| Yes | 21.3 (19.9,22.6) | 23.1 (21.8,24.4) | 44.4 (42.8,45.9) |
| Household factors | |||
| MPCE quintile | |||
| Poorest | 21 (19.8,22.2) | 19.6 (18.4,20.8) | 40.6 (39.1,42.0) |
| Poorer | 24.5 (23.2,25.8) | 18 (17.0,19.0) | 42.5 (41.1,43.9) |
| Middle | 26.4 (24.8,27.9) | 18.5 (16.6,20.5) | 44.9 (42.8,46.9) |
| Richer | 30.7 (28.6,32.8) | 16.4 (15.1,17.7) | 47.1 (45.0,49.2) |
| Richest | 35.9 (32.9,39.0) | 16.2 (13.9,18.4) | 52.1 (49.2,54.9) |
| Religion | |||
| Hindu | 26.1 (25.3,27.0) | 17.9 (17.1,18.7) | 44 (43.1,45.0) |
| Muslim | 34.1 (30.4,37.9) | 16.7 (14.7,18.7) | 50.8 (47.3,54.2) |
| Christian | 27 (22.1,31.8) | 17.8 (14.7,20.9) | 44.7 (38.0,51.5) |
| Othersd | 35.3 (32.7,37.9) | 19 (16.8,21.2) | 54.3 (51.5,57.2) |
| Caste | |||
| Scheduled Caste | 24.4 (23.1,25.8) | 17.6 (16.5,18.7) | 42 (40.5,43.5) |
| Scheduled Tribe | 15.3 (14.0,16.6) | 21.9 (20.4,23.3) | 37.2 (35.3,39.0) |
| OBCe | 27.7 (26.1,29.4) | 17.9 (16.6,19.3) | 45.7 (44.0,47.4) |
| Others | 32.4 (31.3,33.6) | 16.4 (15.5,17.2) | 48.8 (47.6,50.0) |
| Place of Residence | |||
| Rural | 22.7 (22.1,23.3) | 18.2 (17.7,18.8) | 40.9 (40.2,41.6) |
| Urban | 37.7 (35.3,40.0) | 16.8 (14.9,18.6) | 54.5 (52.2,56.8) |
| Region | |||
| North | 33.9 (32.7,35.1) | 16 (15.1,16.9) | 49.9 (48.7,51.2) |
| Central | 19.7 (18.6,20.8) | 17.2 (16.1,18.4) | 36.9 (35.5,38.3) |
| East | 25.6 (24.5,26.8) | 16.8 (15.8,17.8) | 42.4 (41.1,43.7) |
| Northeast | 29.5 (27.9,31.0) | 18.3 (17.0,19.5) | 47.7 (46.1,49.4) |
| West | 28 (26.5,29.4) | 20.4 (19.0,21.7) | 48.3 (46.7,49.9) |
| South | 31.7 (28.7,34.7) | 18.3 (15.9,20.7) | 50 (47.0,53.0) |
| India | 27.4 (26.5,28.3) | 17.8 (17.1,18.5) | 45.2 (44.3,46.1) |
Note. HT Hypertension; Prevalence of Self-reported HT, undiagnosed HT, and overall HT was weighted
adivorced, separated, and deserted
bActivities of daily living
cInstrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL)
dincludes Sikh, Buddhist/neo-Buddhist, Jain, Parsi/Zoroastrian and others; and
eOther Backward Classes