Skip to main content
. 2023 Feb 2;22:26. doi: 10.1186/s12939-023-01833-6

Table 3.

Logit decomposition of contribution of various factors in prevalence of self-reported and undiagnosed hypertension among bottom 20% poorest and top 20% richest population, India, LASI, 2017–18

Self-reported Hypertension Undiagnosed Hypertension
Coefficient SE Percent Coefficient SE Percent
Due to Difference in Characteristics (E) 0.0711*** 0.0087 51.9% 0.00245 0.0115 −8.1%
Due to Difference in Coefficients (C) 0.0660*** 0.0113 48.1% −0.0328*** 0.0120 108.1%
Overall difference (R) 0.1371*** 0.0104 −0.03035 0.0123
Covariates Due to Difference in Characteristics (E) Due to Difference in Coefficients (C) Due to Difference in Characteristics (E) Due to Difference in Coefficients (C)
Coefficient SE Percent Coefficient SE Percent Coefficient SE Percent Coefficient SE Percent
Age groups
 45–54
 55–64 0.00031*** 0.000 0.2% 0.00355 0.008 2.6% −0.00012 0.000 0.4% − 0.02112** 0.006 69.6%
 65–74 − 0.00171*** 0.000 −1.2% − 0.00579 0.006 −4.2% − 0.00043 0.000 1.4% −0.0068 0.006 22.4%
 75+ −0.00229*** 0.001 −1.7% −0.00145 0.004 −1.1% −0.00070 0.001 2.3% −0.0024 0.004 7.9%
Gender
 Male
 Female −0.00071* 0.000 −0.5% 0.00180 0.015 1.3% 0.00106 0.001 −3.5% −0.03724** 0.013 122.7%
Education level
 No education
 Primary 0.00066*** 0.000 0.5% 0.00501 0.005 3.7% −0.00028 0.000 0.9% −0.0051 0.004 17.0%
 Secondary 0.00362*** 0.002 2.6% − 0.00296 0.004 −2.2% −0.00292 0.004 9.6% 0.0013 0.003 −4.3%
 Higher 0.00830 0.005 6.1% 0.00164 0.002 1.2% −0.00453 0.005 14.9% −0.0019 0.002 6.1%
Working Status
 Never worked
 Currently working 0.00436*** 0.001 3.2% −0.01894 0.014 −13.8% − 0.00204 0.002 6.7% −0.0012 0.012 4.1%
 Not currently working 0.00031 0.000 0.2% −0.00456 0.007 −3.3% −0.00015 0.000 0.5% − 0.0090 0.007 29.7%
Marital Status
 Currently married
 Widowed −0.00179 0.001 −1.3% 0.00069 0.006 0.5% −0.00212 0.002 7.0% −0.0025 0.005 8.2%
 D/S/D/Othersa −0.00011 0.000 0.1% 0.00165 0.001 1.2% 0.00011 0.000 −0.4% − 0.00301** 0.001 9.9%
Morbidities
Diabetes
  No
  Yes 0.02433*** 0.002 17.7% 0.00039 0.002 0.3% −0.01045 0.012 34.4% − 0.0005 0.003 1.7%
Stroke
  No
  Yes 0.00274*** 0.001 2.0% 0.00059 0.001 0.4% −0.00186 0.002 6.1% −0.0013 0.001 4.2%
Arthritis
  No
  Yes 0.00381*** 0.001 2.8% 0.00476 0.002 3.5% −0.00391 0.005 12.9% −0.0022 0.003 7.1%
Difficulty in ADLb
  No
  Yes 0.00018 0.000 0.1% −0.01273** 0.004 −9.3% −0.00049 0.001 1.6% 0.0066 0.004 −21.8%
Difficulty in IADLc
  No
  Yes −0.00282* 0.001 −2.1% 0.00876 0.008 6.4% 0.00031 0.001 −1.0% − 0.0057 0.007 18.6%
BMI categories
  Normal
  Underweight 0.00778* 0.004 5.7% 0.00585 0.007 4.3% 0.00976 0.009 −32.2% −0.0046 0.006 15.2%
  Overweight/obese 0.02563*** 0.004 18.7% 0.00694 0.004 5.1% 0.00993 0.013 −32.7% 0.0000 0.004 0.0%
Lifestyle factors
Moderate activities
  Inactive
  Active 0.00032* 0.000 0.2% −0.02912* 0.014 −21.2% − 0.00007 0.000 0.2% 0.0097 0.011 −31.9%
Vigorous activities
  Inactive
  Active − 0.00011 0.000 0.1% 0.00617 0.008 4.5% −0.00007 0.000 0.2% 0.0020 0.007 −6.5%
Smoking Status
  Never
  Former −0.00011 0.000 0.1% − 0.00249 0.001 −1.8% 0.00000 0.000 0.0% 0.0022 0.001 −7.1%
  Current 0.00018 0.000 0.1% −0.00148 0.004 − 1.1% 0.00018 0.000 −0.6% − 0.0016 0.003 5.3%
Chewing tobacco Status
  Never
  Former 0.00000 0.000 0.0% −0.00114 0.002 − 0.8% − 0.00004 0.000 0.1% 0.0016 0.001 −5.2%
  Current 0.00324 0.002 2.4% −0.00235 0.005 −1.7% −0.00249 0.002 8.2% 0.0050 0.005 −16.5%
Alcohol use
  No
  Yes −0.00056 0.001 −0.4% 0.00214 0.004 1.6% −0.00078 0.001 2.6% −0.0016 0.003 5.1%
Household factors
Religion
  Hindu
  Muslim −0.00198* 0.001 −1.4% 0.00199 0.004 1.5% −0.00002 0.001 0.0% −0.0015 0.004 4.8%
  Christian 0.00003 0.000 0.0% −0.00130 0.001 −1.0% 0.00012 0.000 −0.4% −0.0011 0.001 3.6%
  Othersd 0.00176 0.001 1.3% 0.00105 0.001 0.8% −0.00003 0.001 0.1% 0.0004 0.001 −1.3%
Caste
  Scheduled Caste
  Scheduled Tribe 0.00858* 0.004 6.3% −0.00073 0.006 −0.5% 0.00077 0.003 −2.5% −0.0041 0.005 13.4%
  OBCe −0.00007 0.000 0.0% −0.01530 0.012 −11.2% −0.00001 0.000 0.0% −0.0102 0.011 33.6%
  Others −0.00335 0.004 −2.4% −0.00296 0.004 −2.2% −0.00202 0.004 6.7% −0.0015 0.004 4.9%
Place of Residence
  Rural
  Urban 0.00027** 0.000 0.2% −0.01032 0.006 −7.5% − 0.00008 0.000 0.2% −0.0042 0.007 13.9%
  State
  Tamil Nadu
  Jammu & Kashmir 0.00033 0.001 0.2% −0.00015 0.000 −0.1% −0.00118 0.001 3.9% −0.0001 0.000 0.4%
  Himachal Pradesh 0.00095* 0.000 0.7% 0.00010 0.000 0.1% −0.00012 0.000 0.4% −0.0002 0.000 0.6%
  Punjab 0.00336* 0.002 2.5% −0.00019 0.000 −0.1% −0.00104 0.002 3.4% −0.0003 0.000 1.0%
  Chandigarh 0.00008* 0.000 0.1% 0.00000 0.000 0.0% −0.00003 0.000 0.1% 0.0000 0.000 0.0%
  Uttarakhand 0.00006 0.000 0.0% 0.00051 0.000 0.4% 0.00001 0.000 0.0% −0.0003 0.000 0.8%
  Haryana 0.00126** 0.000 0.9% −0.00027 0.001 −0.2% −0.00038 0.001 1.2% 0.0003 0.001 −1.1%
  Delhi 0.00001 0.000 0.0% −0.00026 0.001 −0.2% −0.00001 0.000 0.0% 0.0002 0.001 −0.6%
  Rajasthan 0.00068 0.000 0.5% 0.00025 0.002 0.2% −0.00032 0.000 1.1% 0.0006 0.002 −2.1%
  Uttar Pradesh −0.00509* 0.002 −3.7% 0.01831*** 0.006 13.4% 0.00480 0.005 −15.8% −0.0050 0.005 16.5%
  Bihar −0.01576*** 0.003 −11.5% 0.02031*** 0.006 14.8% 0.01161 0.010 −38.3% −0.01928** 0.006 63.5%
  Arunachal Pradesh 0.00051** 0.000 0.4% 0.00011 0.000 0.1% −0.00002 0.000 0.1% 0.0000 0.000 0.0%
  Nagaland 0.00014 0.000 0.1% 0.00012 0.000 0.1% 0.00025 0.000 −0.8% 0.0000 0.000 0.0%
  Manipur 0.00006 0.000 0.0% 0.00005 0.000 0.0% −0.00018 0.000 0.6% 0.0000 0.000 0.1%
  Mizoram −0.00001 0.000 0.0% −0.00004 0.000 0.0% 0.00001 0.000 0.0% 0.0000 0.000 −0.1%
  Tripura 0.00034*** 0.000 0.2% 0.00031* 0.000 0.2% −0.00017 0.000 0.6% −0.00039** 0.000 1.3%
  Meghalaya −0.00011*** 0.000 0.1% 0.00021 0.000 0.2% −0.00001 0.000 0.0% −0.0001 0.000 0.2%
  Assam −0.00086*** 0.000 −0.6% 0.00068 0.001 0.5% 0.00024 0.000 −0.8% −0.0018 0.001 5.9%
  West Bengal 0.00048 0.000 0.4% −0.00079 0.003 −0.6% −0.00017 0.000 0.5% 0.0007 0.003 −2.4%
  Jharkhand −0.00174 0.001 −1.3% 0.00279 0.001 2.0% 0.00047 0.001 −1.5% −0.0018 0.001 6.0%
  Odisha −0.00415** 0.002 −3.0% 0.00746 0.003 5.4% 0.00199 0.002 −6.6% −0.0037 0.003 12.3%
  Chhattisgarh −0.00120 0.002 −0.9% 0.00104 0.002 0.8% −0.00047 0.001 1.6% −0.0019 0.002 6.4%
  Madhya Pradesh −0.00013 0.000 0.1% 0.00518 0.003 3.8% 0.00018 0.000 −0.6% −0.0055 0.003 18.1%
  Gujarat 0.00002 0.000 0.0% 0.00223 0.002 1.6% −0.00001 0.000 0.0% −0.0030 0.002 10.0%
  Daman & Diu 0.00001 0.000 0.0% 0.00000 0.000 0.0% 0.00000 0.000 0.0% 0.0000 0.000 0.0%
  Dadra & Nagar Haveli −0.00001 0.000 0.0% 0.00004 0.000 0.0% 0.00000 0.000 0.0% 0.0000 0.000 0.0%
  Maharashtra −0.00022 0.000 −0.2% 0.00019 0.004 0.1% −0.00003 0.000 0.1% −0.0009 0.004 3.0%
  Andhra Pradesh 0.00483*** 0.001 3.5% 0.00155 0.001 1.1% −0.00045 0.001 1.5% −0.0011 0.001 3.7%
  Karnataka 0.00287 0.005 2.1% 0.00225 0.004 1.6% 0.00151 0.006 −5.0% 0.0006 0.003 −2.1%
  Goa 0.00025*** 0.000 0.2% 0.00002 0.000 0.0% −0.00010 0.000 0.3% 0.0000 0.000 0.1%
  Lakshadweep 0.00000 0.000 0.0% 0.00000 0.000 0.0% 0.00000 0.000 0.0% 0.0000 0.000 0.0%
  Kerala 0.00013 0.000 0.1% 0.00046 0.001 0.3% 0.00009 0.000 −0.3% −0.0001 0.001 0.2%
  Puducherry −0.00005 0.000 0.0% 0.00006 0.000 0.0% 0.00005 0.000 −0.2% −0.0001 0.000 0.3%
  Andaman & Nicobar Islands 0.00002*** 0.000 0.0% 0.00000 0.000 0.0% 0.00000 0.000 0.0% 0.0000 0.000 0.0%
  Telangana 0.00210*** 0.001 1.5% 0.00091 0.001 0.7% −0.00122 0.001 4.0% −0.0012 0.001 4.1%
Intercept 0.06320 0.052 46.1% 0.11302* 0.050 −372.4%

Note.adivorced, separated, and deserted

bActivities of daily living

cInstrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL)

dincludes Sikh, Buddhist/neo-Buddhist, Jain, Parsi/Zoroastrian and others; and

eOther Backward Classes, HT-hypertension

*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001