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. 2023 Feb 2;21:37. doi: 10.1186/s12951-023-01792-8

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 8 — In vivo validation of the mechanism of NAP inhibiting colon cancer. A The KEGG enrichment analysis indicated that the immune-related pathway was regulated after TMPs treatment. B GSEA algorithm was used to analyze the changes in the cytosolic DNA-sensing pathway after TMPs treatment. C p-TBK1(Ser172) and p-IRF3(Ser386), markers of activation of innate immune pathway cytosolic DNA-sensing, were detected after TMPs treatment. D–F RT-qPCR detected downstream target genes of the DNA-sensing pathway. G–H Representative flow analysis of CD3⁺CD4⁺ T cells and CD3⁺CD8⁺ T cells in tumor tissues. I–J Representative fluorescent images of CD3⁺CD4⁺ T cells and CD3⁺CD8⁺ T cells in tumor tissues. (n = 6, scale bars:100 μm)