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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 May 1.
Published in final edited form as: Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2022 Mar 4;29(24):35583–35598. doi: 10.1007/s11356-022-19333-5

Table 2.

Population, Exposure, Comparator and Outcome (PECO) statement

PECO element Evidence

Population Human populations or rodent models.
Exposure Pb exposure without any restrictions of the definition, measurement methods, length, or timing. Co-exposure studies that examined individual susceptibilities were only included if Pb effects could be extrapolated.
Comparators Comparison group with lower exposure or no exposure.
Outcome Dysfunction for any health outcome.