Table 2.

Summary of results for the candidate gene studies of depression and sex. Study ref. refers to the reference number of the corresponding manuscript.

Chr.	Gene/nearest gene	SNP	Sample size	Study Ref.	Outcome	Method	OR (SE) or β (SE)	p-value	Assoc. in males or females	Sign. Threshold	Replication
2p23	EHD3	rs619002	531	[49]	MDD	Stratified	OR: 0.47	4 × 10−3	Female	0.04	No
2p23	EHD3	rs644926	531	[49]	MDD	Stratified	OR: 0.49	7 × 10−3	Female	0.04	No
3q13	GSK3β	rs334558	751	[55]	MDD	Stratified	-	<0.01	Female	0.05	Yes [59]
3q13	GSK3β	rs6438552	751	[55]	MDD	Stratified	-	<0.01	Female	0.05	Age of onset bipolar I disorder among females. [60]
3q27	DVL3	rs1709642	751	[55]	MDD	Stratified	-	<0.01	Female	0.05	Yes, rs1969253 and MDD in females [23]
11p14	BDNF	Val66Met	705	[51]	Depression	Interaction: SNP × sex	OR: 1.77, 2.69, 2.22 (6, 12, 18 mos.)	3 × 10−3; <1 × 10−3; 1 × 10−3	All	0.05	No
11p14	BDNF	Val66Met	945	[52]	Depressive scores	Interaction: SNP × sex × unsupportive relationships	β: 5.08 (1.82)	5 × 10−3	All	Bonf.	Yes [61,62]
11p15	DRD4	-	1,095	[47]	Depressive symptoms	Stratified	β: 0.24	0.01	Male	0.05	No
11q23	DRD2	-	1,095	[47]	Depressive symptoms	Stratified	β: 0.06	7 × 10−3	Male	0.05	No
11q23	DRD2	rs4274224	5,225	[48]	Depression	Interaction: SNP × sex		0.02	M: β/p 0.02/6 × 10−4	0.05	No
12q23	LTA4H	Haplotype	1,368	[50]	Depression	Interaction: Haplotype × sex	-	0.03	All	Perm*	No
12q23	LTA4H	Haplotype	416	[50]	Depression	Stratified	OR: 0.28	8 × 10−3	Female	Perm*	No
13q14	HTR2A	rs6311	224	[41]	Depression	Interaction: SNP × sex × phys. function	-	5 × 10−3	All	0.025	No
17q11	SLC6A4	5HTTLPR	717	[37]	Depression	Stratified	OR: 0.42	0.03	Female	-	No
17q11	SLC6A4	5HTTLPR	131	[38]	Depressive symptoms	Interaction w. stress; sex stratified	β: 0.08 (0.02)	<1 × 10−4	Female	0.05	No
17q11	SLC6A4	5HTTLPR	572	[39]	Depression	Interaction w. family support; sex stratified	β: 0.31 (0.09)	< 0.01	Male	0.05	No
17q11	SLC6A4	5HTTLPR	458	[39]	Depression	Interaction w. family support; sex stratified	β: −0.09 (0.05)	0.08	Female	0.05	No
17q11	SLC6A4	5HTTLPR	925	[40]	Depression	Interaction w. perceived stress; sex stratified	β: 0.18 (0.09)	2 × 10−3	Female	0.05	No
17q11	SLC6A4	5HTTLPR	288	[42]	Depression scores	Interaction w. sex and environment	-	<3 × 10−3	All	0.05	Yes, 142 subjects [42]
17q11	SLC6A4	5HTTLPR	309	[43]	Depressive symptoms	Interaction w. sex, MAOA, negative life events	β: −1.450 (0.555)	9 × 10−3	All	-	Yes, in females [63]
17q11	SLC6A4	5HTTLPR	81	[44	Depressive symptoms	Interaction w. residence type; sex stratified	-	2 × 10−3	Male	-	No
17q11	SLC6A4	5HTTLPR	81	[44]	Depressive symptoms	Interaction w. separated families; sex stratified	-	2 × 10−3	Male	-	No
17q11	SLC6A4	5HTTLPR	119	[44]	Depressive symptoms	Interaction w. traumatic conflicts; sex stratified	-	2 × 10−3	Female	-	No
17q11	SLC6A4	5HTTLPR	200	[44]	Depressive symptoms	Interaction w. sex		3 × 10−4	All	-	No
17q11	SLC6A4	5HTTLPR	98	[45]	Depressive symptoms	Interaction w. childhood abuse; sex stratified	β: 0.31	0.03	Female	0.05	No
17q21	CRHR1	rs110402	310	[53]	MDD	Stratified	OR: 0.70	0.04	Female	0.05
17q21	CRHR1	rs878886	314	[53]	MDD	Stratified	OR: 1.68	0.02	Male	0.05	Panic disorder [64] and fear acquisition [65]
17q21	CRHR1	rs110402	1059	[54]	BDI scores	Interaction w. childhood abuse; sex stratified	-	0.03	Male	0.05	No
19q13	APOE	-	323	[56]	Depression	Sex interaction	OR: 3.83	0.05	All	0.05	No
Xq23	HTR2C	rs6318	2712	[57]	Depressive symptoms	Interaction w. life stress; sex stratified		0.02	Female	0.05	No
Xq23	HTR2C	rs6318	41	[58]	Depressive mood	Interaction w. laboratory stress; sex stratified		6 × 10−3	Male	0.05	No

For the significance threshold column, perm

^*= Empirical sig. levels determined by permutation tests,

Bonf. = Bonferroni correction.