Fig. 1.

Experimental design. We had four treatments, randomly assigned. In the Classic Replay, increased contributions can be explained by prosociality, confusion, and/or strategic investments. In Blind Replay, contributions are invisible, so participants cannot shape the behavior of their groupmates, eliminating strategic investments. In the Computer Replay and Computer Rewind treatments, individuals can neither affect the behavior or the welfare of their groupmates, who are computers, thereby eliminating both prosocial and strategic explanations. The relevant restart treatment was explained to participants before round one of the restart.