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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Feb 2.
Published in final edited form as: J Cardiovasc Aging. 2023 Jan 3;3(1):9. doi: 10.20517/jca.2022.42

Figure 5.

Figure 5.

Promising pharmacologic therapies targeting mitochondrial pathways to ameliorate metabolic heart disease, aging, and heart failure. GLUT4: Glucose transporter type 4; PGC-1α: peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ co-activators 1α; TCA: tricarboxylic acid; ROS: reactive oxygen species; NRF1/2: nuclear respiratory factor 1/2; TFAM: mitochondrial transcription factor A; mtDNA: mitochondrial DNA; PKG: protein kinase G; cGMP: cyclic guanosine monophosphate; sGC: soluble guanylyl cyclase; GTP: Guanosine triphosphate. See Section “Mitochondria as therapeutic targets in heart disease” for further details.