Table 1. Baseline patient and tumour characteristics and their association with survival.
| Characteristics | Total n = 467 (%) | Overall survival (OS) | Median OS | Unadjusted analyses | Adjusted analyses | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 year | 2 year | 5 year | months | Hazard ratio (95% CI) | P-value | Hazard ratio (95% CI) | P-value | ||
| Sex | |||||||||
| Male | 273 (58.5) | 50.6% | 22.3% | 5.9% | 12.1 | 1 | - | ||
| Female | 194 (41.5) | 50.0% | 20.1% | 8.5% | 12.0 | 0.97 (0.80, 1.18) | 0.746 | ||
| Age (years) | |||||||||
| <60 | 187 (40.0) | 63.1% | 31.6% | 11.6% | 16.3 | 1 | - | 1 | - |
| 60–69 | 144 (30.8) | 52.1% | 22.9% | 4.6% | 12.1 | 1.43 (1.13, 1.80) | 0.003 | 1.51 (1.19, 1.92) | 0.001 |
| ≥70 | 136 (29.1) | 30.9% | 5.9% | 3.9% | 8.6 | 2.32 (1.83, 2.95) | <0.001 | 2.39 (1.86, 3.06) | <0.001 |
| Tumour location | |||||||||
| Right side | 212 (45.4) | 50.5% | 20.3% | 2.1% | 12.1 | 1 | - | 1 | - |
| Left side | 183 (39.2) | 61.2% | 27.3% | 14.6% | 15.0 | 0.73 (0.59, 0.91) | 0.005 | 0.71 (0.58, 0.88) | 0.002 |
| Midline/bilateral | 72 (15.4) | 22.2% | 9.7% | 4.6% | 6.0 | 1.91 (1.45, 2.52) | <0.001 | 1.22 (0.81, 1.82) | 0.339 |
| Multifocality | |||||||||
| Solitary | 391 (83.7) | 56.0% | 24.6% | 7.9% | 13.3 | 1 | - | 1 | |
| Multifocal | 76 (16.3) | 21.1% | 5.3% | 0% | 6.2 | 2.67 (2.06, 3.46) | <0.001 | 1.57 (1.04, 2.37) | 0.034 |
| Surgical resection | |||||||||
| GTR | 168 (36.0) | 70.2% | 33.9% | 11.6% | 17.2 | 1 | - | 1 | - |
| STR | 221 (47.3) | 46.2% | 18.1% | 6.2% | 11.4 | 1.75 (1.40, 2.17) | <0.001 | 1.62 (1.29, 2.04) | <0.001 |
| Biopsy | 78 (16.7) | 19.2% | 3.9% | 0% | 6.8 | 3.58 (2.69, 4.76) | <0.001 | 2.39 (1.70, 3.37) | <0.001 |
| MGMT promoter status | |||||||||
| Hypermethylated | 183 (39.2) | 65.6% | 38.8% | 12.8% | 18.2 | 1 | - | 1 | |
| Unmethylated | 204 (43.7) | 45.6% | 9.8% | 0% | 11.4 | 2.10 (1.68, 2.62) | <0.001 | 2.09 (1.66, 2.63) | <0.001 |
| Unknown | 80 (17.1) | 27.5% | 11.3% | 5.8% | 8.7 | 2.23 (1.68, 2.95) | <0.001 | 1.67 (0.88, 3.15) | 0.116 |
| IDH status | |||||||||
| Mutated | 37 (7.9) | 70.3% | 54.1% | 12.2% | 28.2 | 0.46 (0.31, 0.70) | <0.001 | 0.65 (0.42, 1.01) | 0.057 |
| Wild type | 349 (74.7) | 53.3% | 20.1% | 5.5% | 12.5 | 1 | - | 1 | - |
| Unknown | 81 (17.3) | 28.4% | 12.4% | 7.2% | 9.5 | 1.36 (1.06, 1.76) | 0.016 | 0.83 (0.44, 1.55) | 0.554 |
| Histology | |||||||||
| Primary GBM | 438 (93.8) | 50.2% | 21.7% | 7.0% | 12.1 | 1 | - | ||
| Secondary GBM* | 27 (5.8) | 55.6% | 18.5% | 6.9% | 14.4 | 0.89 (0.59, 1.35) | 0.586 | ||
| Second primary GBM* | 2 (0.4) | 0% | 0% | 0% | 1.4 | 5.74 (1.42, 23.24) | 0.014 | ||
Significant p-values are highlighted in bold.
*Survival times calculated from time of GBM diagnosis. 51.7% of these patients received chemotherapy only as primary treatment for GBM because they had received radiation therapy earlier.
Abbreviations: CI: confidence interval; GTR: gross total resection; STR: subtotal resection; IDH: isocitrate dehydrogenase; MGMT: O6 methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase; GBM: glioblastoma