TABLE 3.
Cytokine induction by P. gingivalis and its cellular constituentsa
| Inducer | Cell(s) of origin | Cytokine | Pro- or anti-inflammatory actionb |
|---|---|---|---|
| P. gingivalis LPS | Fibroblasts | IL-1α | + |
| IL-1β | + | ||
| IL-6 | + | ||
| IL-8 | + | ||
| MCP-1 | + | ||
| Monocytes/macrophages | IL-1β | + | |
| TNF-α | + | ||
| IL-1rac | − | ||
| IL-6 | + | ||
| IL-8 | + | ||
| GM-CSFc | + | ||
| IFN-γ | + | ||
| PMNs | TNFα | + | |
| IL-8 | + | ||
| IL-1ra | − | ||
| P. gingivalis lipid A-associated proteins | Fibroblasts | IL-6 | + |
| P. gingivalis fimbriae | Fibroblasts | IL-1β | + |
| Monocytes/macrophages | IL-1α | + | |
| IL-1β | + | ||
| TNF-α | + | ||
| IL-6 | + | ||
| IL-8 | + | ||
| KCc | + | ||
| Calvarial bone cells | IL-1β | + | |
| GM-CSF | + | ||
| PMNs | IL-6 | + | |
| T cells | IL-2 | + | |
| IL-4 | − | ||
| TNF-α | + | ||
| IFN-γc | + | ||
| P. gingivalis 75-kDa surface protein | Monocytes/macrophages | IL-1 | + |
| P. gingivalis 12-kDa antigen | Monocytes/macrophages | IL-1β | + |
| P. gingivalis PS | Monocytes/macrophages | IL-1β | + |
| P. gingivalis whole cells | PMNs | IL-8 | + |
| MCP-1 | + |
Compiled from references 90, 92, 93, 116, 142, 168, 181, 184, 186, 187, 221, 239, 272, 275, 276, 278, and 281.
+, proinflammatory action; −, anti-inflammatory action.
IL-1ra, IL-1 receptor antagonist; GM-CSF, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor; KC, neutrophil chemoaltractant killer cells; IFN-γ, gamma interferon.