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. 2023 Feb 2;14:574. doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-34256-y

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — A Overview of sample selection and analysis of the FFPE tissue specimens (B) Normalized SARS-CoV-2 viral load in lung samples from a cohort of 39 subjects from which samples in the study were selected (median lung viral load is highlighted for six subjects of interest). C Summary of selected individuals sequenced in this study, including clinical characteristics and viral strain information. Abbreviations: OSA (obstructive sleep apnea); HF (heart failure); HTN (hypertension); DM (diabetes mellitus); CAD (coronary artery disease); COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease); ALL (acute lymphocytic leukemia); BM (bone marrow); CKD (chronic kidney disease); RA/SLE (rheumatoid arthritis/systemic lupus erythematosus); ISL (interstitial lung disease); MGUS (monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance); PVD (peripheral vascular disease). The ‘*’ designates uncertainty around the time between symptom onset and death. D Boxplot (top) and heatmap (bottom) each demonstrate normalized SARS-CoV-2 quantification across tissue samples available for four or more subjects, and testis. In the boxplot, boxes delineate quartiles and whiskers show the range of all samples available (3-6 subjects). In the heatmap, composite samples (those where 2 or more tissues were in the same FFPE block) are designated with an asterisk (Supplementary Fig. 1b and Methods), gray represents virus not detected, and white designates sample was not available. E Representative IHC sections from study samples show the presence of SARS-CoV-2 protein (brown) in multiple tissues, including pneumocytes in lung, ciliated respiratory epithelium in the trachea, cardiomyocytes in the heart, hepatocytes in the liver, small intestine epithelial cells, rete testis, and tubular epithelium in kidneys. Staining was performed once. Scale bars are 20-microns. These findings are in agreement with sequencing data.