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Schematic representation of the pathogenesis of AS. The damage of endothelial cells is the initial lesion of atherosclerosis. Endothelial cell damage that can be caused by disorders of lipid metabolism, monocytes/macrophages, foam cell formation release more inflammatory factors. VECs, VSMCs, macrophages are involved in the process of autophagy. In AS, cell senescence often occurs in VECs, VSMCs.
