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. 2023 Feb 2;13:1890. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-28830-7

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Recognition of “immunogenic” AAV8-CMV-eGFP vector lots by pDCs is TLR9 dependent. Human pDCs were treated with the TLR9 antagonist H154 (50 μM) followed by stimulation with “immunogenic” AAV8 vector lots (MOI: 1:1 × 10⁶ vg) for 18 h. (a) Representative bright field images of purified pDCs treated with “immunogenic” AAV vector lots (upper image) or “immunogenic” AAV vector lots and H154 (lower image). Scale bar is 100 μm. (b) Cytokine release of IP-10, MIP-1β, TNF-α and IFN-α2 by stimulated pDCs. Since in the IFN-α2 measurements some values fell below the assay range, the constant 1 was added to all measured IFN-α2 values for presentation in a semi-logarithmic plot. Shown are means and standard deviations. Statistical significance was determined using one-way ANOVA and Holm-Sidak’s post hoc analysis. P values: ≤ 0.05: *; ≤ 0.01: **; ≤ 0.001: ***.