Fig. 4. Integrating traditional zooplankton in situ sampling methods and modern sampling techniques.

Traditional techniques such as Continuous Plankton Recorder (CPR), nets and Niskin bottles have been used to monitor zooplankton for decades with great success. However, coupling traditional techniques with newer methods such as molecular data (for example, DNA, RNA and proteins), advanced sensors, in situ imaging approaches and satellites can improve geographic coverage, particularly in under sampled regions and improve our understanding of the impact of climate change on zooplankton communities. Whilst the CPR, nets and Niskin bottles are shown together, they are not generally conducted simultaneously. This figure was designed by Dr Stacey McCormack (Visual Knowledge).