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. 2023 Jan 20;11:1125625. doi: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1125625

TABLE 1.

Summary of reported studies on GFMs membrane material applied in water purification and desalination.

GFM membrane material type	Molecular medium	Rejected ions/salts	Permeability	Rejection (%)	Pressure applied (MPa)	Computational methods	Ref
$α - / β -$ Graphyne ^a , Graphidyne ^a , Graphyne-3/-4	Water	Na⁺, Cl⁻, Mg²⁺, K⁺, Ca²⁺	∼10 L/cm⁻²/day/MPa	100% rejection for graphyne-3 and a little lower for graphyne-4	0–250	MD	Xue et al. (2013)
Graphyne-3/-4/-5	Water	Na⁺, Cl⁻	NS	NS	0–600	MD	Kou et al. (2013)
Graphyne-3/-4/-5/-6	Water	NaCl, CuSO₄, C₆H₆, CCl₄	2.5–4.5 $\times$ 10⁻⁹ m.Pa⁻¹.s⁻¹	75% above rejection for all the graphyne-n tested	50	MD	Lin, and Buehler, (2013)
Graphyne-3/-4/-5/-6	Water	Na⁺, Cl⁻	13 L/cm⁻²/day/MPa	100% rejection for graphyne-4		MD, QM/MD	Zhu et al. (2013)
	Water	Na⁺, Cl⁻	35–130 L/cm⁻²/day/MPa for graphyne-3/-4/-5	100% rejection for graphyne-3 and a little lower for graphyne-4	0–350	MD	Kou et al. (2014)
Graphyne-3/-4/-5/-6	Water	Na⁺, Cl⁻	39.15 L.cm⁻² h⁻¹	100% rejection for graphyne-3 and lower for other graphyne-n membranes tested	NS	MD	Zhang and Gai, (2015)
Graphyne-3/-4/-5	Ethanol	H₂O	NS	NS	NS	MD	Liu et al. (2016)
Pristine/charged graphyne-3/-4/-5	Water	Na⁺, Cl⁻	13.5 L/cm⁻²/day/MPa	100% rejection for graphyne-3 and lower for other graphyne-n membranes tested	0–150	MD	Wu et al. (2017a)
Graphyne-3/-4/-5	Ethanol	H₂O	NS	NS	100	MD, QM	Yang et al., 2017
Bilayer graphyne-3/-4	Water	Na⁺, Cl⁻	∼60 L/cm⁻²/day/MPa	100% rejection for graphyne-3 and a little lower for graphyne-4	50–200	MD	Akhavan et al. (2018)
Bare and hydrogenated α-graphyne and graphyne-2/-3/-4	Water	Na⁺, Cl⁻	85 L/cm⁻²/day/MPa	>90% rejection for all tested membrane except graphyne-4	0–1,000	MD	Raju et al. (2018)
Graphyne-3/-4/-5	Ethanol	H₂O	NS	NS	40–100	MD	Zhang et al. (2018)
Bare and functionalized graphyne-3/-4/-5	Water	Na⁺, Cl⁻	17 L/cm⁻²/day/MPa	100% rejection for F-functionalized graphyne-4 and a little less for bare graphyne-4 and others tested	100–200	MD	Mehrdad and Moosavi, (2019)
Functionalized ?-graphyne-1	Water	Na⁺, Cl⁻	8953 L/m⁻²h bar	100% rejection for all the functionalized γ-graphyne-1 membrane tested at < 7.5 MPa	0–50	MD	Azamat et al. (2020)
Pristine graphdiyne	Water	Na⁺, Cl⁻	565.37 L/m⁻²h bar	99.41	400	MD	Baghbani et al. (2020)
Anisotropically nanoporous graphyne and graphyne-3/-4/-5	Water	Na⁺, Cl⁻	7.98–47.14 L/cm²/day/MPa	100% rejection for graphyne-3 and ANGM-n (n = 1, 2, 3) membranes and others except graphyne-5, could reject >98.2% of ions up to 150 MPa	50–250	MD	Nematipour et al. (2021)
Functionalized graphenylene	Water	Na⁺, Cl⁻	11,032 L/m⁻² h bar	99.4% rejection at 10 MPa for fluorinated functionalized pore	0–100	MD	Jahangirzadeh et al. (2022)

^{^a}

These are graphynes reported as unsuitable for separation and NS means “Not Supplied”.