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. 2023 Jan 20;13:1028429. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1028429

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Several possible relationships between inflammatory EAT and the pathogenesis of INOCA. Inflammation causes EAT to secrete cytokines and adipokines, altering the function of the vascular endothelium and the phenotype of macrophages. In turn, it affects the function of vascular smooth muscle, the remodeling of microvascular density, deposition of subcutaneous plaque lipids, and the mesenchymal fibrosis. These may affect perfusion of myocardial blood flow, leading to the development of INOCA. (Created with BioRender.com).