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. 2023 Jan 20;13:1091825. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1091825

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Copyright © 2023 Ni, Kong, Yan, Fu, Zhou and Xu

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) combined with effect size (LEfSe). (A) Cladograms of the phylogenetic distribution of the microbiota with significant differences between early-stage NSCLC and HC analyzed by LefSe. (B) Histogram of the distribution of LDA values for LEfSe analysis of intestinal flora in the two groups (LAD score ≥ 3). (C) Cladograms of the phylogenetic distribution of the microbiota with significant differences across IPA grade I, grad II, grade III and HC analyzed by LefSe. (D) Histogram of the distribution of LDA values for LEfSe analysis of intestinal flora in four groups of samples (LAD score ≥ 3). The listed bacterial floras are significantly gathered for their respective groups (P < 0.05, Kruskal‐Wallis test).