D: (ZOL + tooth extraction) week 4
BM (n=4)	Spleen (n=4)	Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (n=4)	Gingiva (n=2)	Pancreas (n=3)	p values
90 +/- 22	428 +/- 79				***
90 +/- 22		1355 +/- 191			****
90 +/- 22			0.5 +/- 0.005		**
90 +/- 22				8.3 +/- 1.5	**

Hu-BLT mice were administered with either 0.9% NACL (A, C) or ZOL (500 µg/kg) (B, D) via IV followed by maxillary left first molar extraction as described in Materials and Methods section. Two (A, B) or four (C, D) weeks after tooth extraction, mice were euthanized and tissues were harvested to obtain single cell suspension. BM (n=4), splenocytes (n=4), PBMCs (n=4), oral gingiva (n=2), and pancreas (n=3) of hu-BLT mice were cultured (2 × 10⁶ cells/2ml) with IL-2 (1000 U/ml) for three days, after which the supernatants were harvested and the levels of IFN-γ were determined using specific ELISA. Levels of IFN-γ secreted was determined based on human CD45+ immune cells, and statistical analysis was performed to compare the levels of IFN-γ secreted by BM vs. splenocytes or BM vs. PBMCs. ****(p value <0.0001), ***(p value <0.001), **(p value 0.001-0.01), *(p value 0.01-0.05).