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. 2023 Jan 20;14:1091807. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1091807

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Copyright © 2023 He, Fan, Shen, Gou, Zhang, Liu, Zhang, Wuri, Zhang, Liao and Geri.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Butyrate pre-treatment protects IPEC-J2 against PEDV infection. (A) Effect of acetate, propionate, and butyrate on IPEC-J2 cells. Compounds at concentrations of 0 μM, 10 μM, 100 μM, and 1 mM were added to IPEC-J2 cells and cultured for 48 h. (B) IPEC-J2 cells were pretreated with acetate, propionate, and butyrate at 500 μM for 24 h and then infected with PEDV. (C,D) Butyrate inhibits PEDV infection. IPEC-J2 cells were pretreated with different concentrations of butyrate (10 μM, 100 μM, and 1 mM) for 24 h and then infected with PEDV (0.1 MOI) for 24 h in the presence of butyrate. (C) PEDV viral load detected using qPCR. (D) PEDV N protein levels detected using western blotting. (E) Viral titers determined using a TCID₅₀ assay. (F) PEDV N protein levels detected by western blotting at different time points.