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. 2023 Jan 20;14:1091807. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1091807

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Butyrate inhibits PEDV replication via GPR43 and NF-κB in IPEC-J2 cells. (A) The effect of MPN, GLPG0974, and BAY 11–7,085 on IPEC-J2 cell. Compounds at concentrations of 0 nM, 10 nM, 100 nM, and 1 μM were added to IPEC-J2 cells and cultured for 48 h. Cell viability was evaluated using the CCK-8 assay. (B) IPEC-J2 cells were treated with 1 mM butyrate and 500 nM BAY 11–7,085 for 24 h and then infected with PEDV. PEDV RNA levels were detected using qPCR. (C) IPEC-J2 cells were treated with 1 mM butyrate and 1 μM MPN for 24 h and then infected with PEDV. PEDV RNA levels were detected using qPCR (D) IPEC-J2 cells were treated with 1 mM butyrate and 500 nM GLPG0974 for 24 h and then infected with PEDV. PEDV RNA levels were detected using qPCR. (E) IPEC-J2 cells were transfected with FFAR2 shRNA plasmids for 24 h. FFAR2 mRNA expression levels were detected using qPCR. shNC, control shRNA; shFFAR2, shRNA against FFAR2. (F) IPEC-J2 cells were transfected with FFAR2 shRNA plasmids and pretreated with butyrate for 24 h. PEDV RNA levels were detected using qPCR. (G) IPEC-J2 cells were treated with 1 mM butyrate and 500 nM BAY 11–7,085 for 24 h and then infected with PEDV. Effects of BAY 11–7,082 on virus-induced phosphorylation of IκBα. Protein levels detected by western blotting. (H) IPEC-J2 cells were treated with 1 mM butyrate for 24 h. FFAR2 mRNA expression levels were detected using qPCR.