Figure 4.

In vitro evaluation of MnO₂‐motors. a) Intracellular uptake of MnO₂‐motors with or without H₂O₂ for 2, 4, and 6 h. Scale bar = 50 µm. b) Cell viability as determined by CCK‐8 assays after incubation with MnO₂ NPs, MSN@Ce, and MnO₂‐motors at various concentrations for 12 or 24 h (n = 4; mean ± SD). c) Inverted fluorescence microscopy images and corresponding fluorescence intensity of intracellular H₂O₂ in RAW264.7 cells incubated with MnO₂ NPs, MSN@Ce, MnO₂ + Ce, and MnO₂‐motors in the presence of H₂O_2. Data represent mean ± SD (n = 4). Scale bar = 50 µm. d) HIF‐1α staining of RAW 264.7 cells pretreated with MnO₂ NPs, MSN@Ce, MnO₂ + Ce, and MnO₂‐motors for 2 h and subsequently incubated for 8 h under hypoxic and inflammatory conditions. Scale bar = 50 µm. e) mRNA expression of M1 and M2 macrophage markers in RAW264.7 cells under various conditions, as evaluated by qRT‐PCR analysis. Data represent mean ± SD (n = 3). In (c,e), data analyzed using one way ANOVA test. (*p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01)