. 2022 Sep 16;18(5):CCR-18-5-E130422203525. doi: 10.2174/1573403X18666220413121730

Table 1.

The main consequences of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion.

The Main Manifestations of I/R Injury of the Heart	The Mechanisms of Development of the Main Manifestations of I/R Injury	Refs.
Myocardial stunning	The Ca²⁺ overload of cardiomyocytes, activation of the Na⁺/H⁺ exchanger, 2Na⁺/Ca²⁺ exchanger and Na⁺/HCO₃^- symporter	Cohen M.V. et al., 2007 [3] Piper H.M. et al., 1999 [12] Rodriguez-Sinovas A. et al., 2009 [13] Herzog W.R. et al., 1997 [14] Lishmanov Y.B. et al., 2016 [15] Zhang H. et al., 2013 [16] Neri M. et al., 2017 [153]
Coronary vascular dysfunction	Pyroptosis of endothelial cells, inflammation of endothelial cells, apoptosis and especially autophagy of endothelial cells, damage of the endothelial glycocalyx	Sun W. et al., 2019 [155] Gollmann-Tepeköylü C. et al., 2020 [156] Zhen W. et al., 2020 [157] Araibi H. et al., 2020 [158]
Ventricular arrhythmias	A decrease in repolarizing K⁺ currents, an increase in inward Ca²⁺ current, sympathetic nervous system activation, an increase in the cAMP level in cardiac cells, Ca²⁺ overload of cells, excess ROS production, neutrophil invasion in AAR, activation of 2Na⁺/Ca²⁺ exchange	Zhang H. et al., 2013 [16] Schwartz P.J., Stone H.L., 1980 [160] Bernier M. et al., 1986 [161] Lubbe W.F. et al., 1992 [162] Rosen M.R., 1995 [163] Dhein S. et al., 1995 [164] Antoons G. et al., 2012 [165] van der Weg K. et al., 2019 [166]
The no-reflow phenomenon	Swelling of endothelial cells, aggregation of blood cells in the microvessels, an increase in blood viscosity, impaired endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent vasodilation	Boag S.E. et al., 2017 [139] Kloner R.A., 1974 [169] Loke K.E. et al, 1998 [170] Haiyun L. et al., 2004 [171] Cecchi E. et al., 2009 [172] Ming X. et al., 2012 [173]