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. 2023 Jan 20;14:1118236. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1118236

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Copyright © 2023 Zhang, Zhang, Li, Liu, Tai, Yang, Zhang, Tuo, Yu and Xu

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Viral envelope glycoproteins mediate binding with the cell membrane. Viral DNA enters the nucleus and transcribes and translates viral particle accessories as the envelope merges with the cell membrane. Eventually, intact virions leave the cell by exocytosis.