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DAI, cGAS, IFI16, and TLR3 are nucleic acid sensing mechanisms of the virus that recruit and activate TBK1, which in turn activates IRF3, resulting in the expression of interferon or cytokines. In addition, DAI can also recruit RIP1/3 to promote gene transcription and expression, and TLR3 can activate NF-κB and AP-1 and induce the production of interferon and inflammatory factors.
