Table 2.

Descriptive statistics and group comparison at T1

Variable	Vanbeek	Herbst	Twin-Block	MA	Control	P
	Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD
SNA	82.93 ± 2.00	81.02 ± 2.13	81.71 ± 2.40	81.44 ± 3.31	81.06 ± 3.07	0.346
SNB	75.94 ± 1.80	73.66 ± 3.37	74.08 ± 2.34	75.72 ± 3.24	74.83 ± 2.68	0.172
FH-NP	83.63 ± 3.30	83.63 ± 4.49	83.25 ± 2.79	84.36 ± 3.01	84.53 ± 2.62	0.849
NA-PA†	15.65/3.70	19.10/11.10	16.25/4.70	11.55/3.60	13.60/4.90	0.004*
MP-FH	30.31 ± 4.15	27.62 ± 7.09	29.71 ± 5.85	26.70 ± 5.16	29.67 ± 4.38	0.356
MP-SN†	35.65/6.40	35.50/10.0	33.80/9.60	35.05/4.60	36.40/4.60	0.847
Co-Go	52.87 ± 5.43	55.34 ± 6.10	54.18 ± 4.84	52.83 ± 3.67	53.52 ± 4.16	0.696
Go-Pog	59.59 ± 4.87	57.36 ± 4.71	57.14 ± 3.97	69.20 ± 3.33	56.50 ± 3.22	0.000*
Co-Pog	95.83 ± 6.48	95.27 ± 5.91	94.58 ± 5.27	102.14 ± 4.06	93.96 ± 4.83	0.003*
Y Axis Angle	72.54 ± 2.33	73.30 ± 3.86	72.68 ± 2.29	71.71 ± 3.06	73.57 ± 2.57	0.509
ANB†	7.20/1.60	7.70/3.70	7.80/1.40	5.80/1.40	6.05/1.60	0.006*
Lower Facial Height Ratio†	53.60/2.3	52.40/2.90	53.05/3.30	53.25/3.80	53.75/3.9	0.302
Vertical Ratio†	1.15/0.10	1.10/0.10	1.10/0.10	1.50/0.20	1.10/0.40	0.000*
P-A Face Height†	63.95/4.80	64.40/10.70	65.70/8.00	63.25/2.30	63.35/3.00	0.916
U1-SN	110.39 ± 6.37	109.81 ± 7.79	110.33 ± 7.43	107.61 ± 6.74	107.37 ± 6.53	0.671
U1-PP†	28.35/2.30	27.70/5.00	26.30/4.20	27.65/3.30	27.45/4.30	0.634
U6-PP	18.80 ± 3.31	20.11 ± 2.21	19.01 ± 2.16	16.58 ± 2.12	19.28 ± 1.83	0.007*
L1-MP	99.37 ± 2.98	99.34 ± 5.80	97.89 ± 8.58	97.23 ± 6.28	97.95 ± 6.66	0.874
U1-L1	113.10 ± 8.08	115.17 ± 8.22	114.84 ± 9.83	120.36 ± 7.37	116.48 ± 7.09	0.201
OP-FH	12.94 ± 3.64	11.53 ± 6.24	14.89 ± 3.58	13.99 ± 3.57	12.58 ± 4.23	0.374

^†Non parametric test; *P < 0.05