. 2023 Feb 2;23:65. doi: 10.1186/s12903-023-02709-5

Table 3.

Descriptive statistics and group comparison from T1 to T2

Variable	Vanbeek	Herbst	Twin-Block	MA	Control	P
Variable	Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD	P
SNA	− 0.11 ± 0.81	− 0.01 ± 0.65	0.12 ± 1.11	0.18 ± 0.72	0.35 ± 0.84	0.692
SNB^†	0.90/0.63^a	1.50/1.10^a	1.10/0.80^a	0.90/1.78^a	0.30/1.45^b	0.004*
FH-NP^†	1.00/0.95^a	2.00/2.40 ^a	0.95/1.90 ^a	1.00/1.80 ^a	− 0.05/0.93^b	0.003*
NA-PA	− 2.31 ± 1.87^b	− 3.55 ± 2.38^b	− 3.91 ± 3.03^b	− 2.59 ± 2.85^b	0.43 ± 1.13^a	0.000*
MP-FH	− 0.15 ± 2.37	− 0.15 ± 1.76	0.15 ± 1.38	0.41 ± 1.42	− 0.34 ± 1.25	0.814
MP-SN	0.69 ± 2.97	− 0.17 ± 1.57	0.20 ± 1.60	0.15 ± 1.58	− 0.3 ± 1.15	0.725
Co-Go	2.21 ± 1.52^b	2.95 ± 2.42^ab	4.22 ± 2.39^a	4.49 ± 2.46^a	1.66 ± 2.09^b	0.006*
Go-Pog	1.30 ± 0.98	1.82 ± 1.68	1.81 ± 1.58	2.25 ± 1.67	1.39 ± 1.38	0.425
Co-Pog	2.84 ± 1.23^bc	3.84 ± 2.31^ab	4.87 ± 2.26^a	4.93 ± 1.59^a	2.06 ± 1.35^c	0.015*
Y Axis Angle^†	− 0.20/1.13	− 0.60/1.00	0.10/0.98	0.25/0.87	0.05/0.75	0.327
ANB^†	− 1.00/1.35^b	− 1.80/1.30^b	− 1.10/1.20^b	− 0.85/1.78^b	0.15/0.88^a	0.000*
Lower Facial Height Ratio	0.63 ± 0.41 ^a	0.86 ± 0.52^a	1.08 ± 0.72^a	0.84 ± 0.81^a	− 0.16 ± 0.62^b	0.000*
Vertical Ratio^†	0.00/0.05	0.00/0.10	0.00/0.07	0.00/0.03	0.00/0.10	0.303
P-A Face Height	0.50 ± 1.50	0.98 ± 1.42	0.83 ± 1.19	0.56 ± 1.54	0.85 ± 1.12	0.891
U1-SN	− 2.80 ± 4.74	− 3.17 ± 3.90	− 3.43 ± 4.35	− 4.10 ± 6.00	0.13 ± 2.86	0.191
U1-PP^†	0.00/0.80^b	0.10/0.70^b	0.45/1.22^ab	0.70/1.85^a	0.20/1.38^b	0.028*
U6-PP^†	0.45/1.80^b	− 0.70/1.00^c	0.55/1.00^b	1.60/1.58^a	0.65/1.37^ab	0.000*
L1-MP^†	0.15/3.52^b	7.80/11.40^a	3.20/5.80^ab	0.95/4.05^b	0.30/1.28^b	0.027*
U1-L1^†	3.15/7.82^a	− 3.40/7.60^b	0.85/3.52^ab	3.20/11.93^a	0.40/6.37^ab	0.034*
OP-FH	− 0.77 ± 1.61	0.74 ± 2.22	− 0.11 ± 1.86	0.12 ± 2.05	− 0.47 ± 1.43	0.328

^†Non parametric test. Groups with the same letter indicated no statistically significant difference. *P < 0.05