Table 1.
Characteristics at baseline and during follow-up for adults with HIV and pulmonary TB*
| Baseline (N = 89) | Week 4 (N = 81) | Week 12 (N = 83) | Week 24 (N = 89) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | ||||
| Age (year, mean ± standard deviation) | 37.2 (± 8.1) | – | – | – |
| Male sex (n, %) | 52 (58%) | – | – | – |
| Ever smoke (n, %) | 32 (36%) | – | – | – |
| Clinical characteristics (mean ± standard deviation) | ||||
| 6MWTa (meters) | 393 (± 68.5) | 400 (± 55.6) | 413 (± 55.4) | 430 (± 69.6) |
| Time between anti-tuberculosis treatment and antiretroviral therapy (days) | 30 (± 18) | |||
| Sputum culture positivityb (count (%)) | 39 (44%) | – | – | – |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 19.9 (± 3.4) | – | – | – |
| CD4 count (cells/mm3) | 148 (± 133) | – | – | – |
| Plasma HIV RNA level (log10 (copies/mm3)) | 5.31 (± 1.1) | – | – | – |
| FVC (liters) | 3.1 (± 0.9) | 3.10 (± 0.8) | 3.17 (± 0.8) | 3.29 (± 0.8) |
| FVC predicted (%)a | 83.4 (± 19.0) | 84.7 (± 19.1) | 86.3 (± 15.2) | 88.0 (± 15.5) |
| FEV1 (liters) | 2.4 (± 0.7) | 2.3 (± 0.6) | 2.4 (± 0.7) | 2.5 (± 0.6) |
| FEV1 predicteda (%) | 76.6 (± 19.4) | 75.8 (± 18.5) | 78.9 (± 18.5) | 80.7 (± 15.2) |
| COPD assessment test total scorea | 7.3 (± 6.3) | 3.8 (± 5.0) | 1.5 (± 2.8) | 0.7 (± 1.7) |
| Biomarkers (mean ± standard deviation) | ||||
| Collagen Iaa (pg/mL) | 2520 (± 1840) | 2740 (± 1780) | 5180 (± 2630) | – |
| TIMP-1a (ng/) | 179 (± 106) | 185 (± 113) | 148 (± 102) | – |
| CCL-2a (pg/mL) | 230 (± 106) | 183 (± 75.8) | 187 (± 84.7) | – |
| CXCL-11a (pg/mL) | 101 (± 86.8) | 66.3 (± 82.8) | 56.7 (± 70.5) | – |
| IL-8 (pg/mL)a | 13.0 (± 7.38) | 12.7 (± 9.27) | 8.79 (± 4.34) | – |
| MMP-1 (pg/mL)a | 1040 (± 809) | 1070 (± 745) | 843 (± 605) | – |
| VCAM-1 (ng/mL)a | 2240 (± 1320) | 1810 (± 1370) | 1210 (± 707) | – |
| CXCL-10 (pg/mL)a | 534 (± 637) | 398 (± 512) | 206 (± 160) | – |
| IL-6 (pg/mL)a | 7.31 (± 10.9) | 10.1 (± 29.2) | 3.48 (± 7.39) | – |
| M-CSF (pg/mL)a | 187 (± 128) | 164 (± 129) | 113 (± 84.6) | – |
| Plasminogen activator (pg/mL)a | 930 (± 318) | 885 (± 300) | 751 (± 233) | – |
| VEGF (pg/mL) | 17.0 (± 9.49) | 15.9 (± 10.6) | 14.4 (± 10.1) | – |
Data are presented as n (%)
6MWT six minute walk time, BMI body mass index, VL vial load, FVC forced vital capacity, FEV1 forced expiratory volume in 1 s, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
*Missing—11% in ever smoke, BMI, CD4, viral load, FVC, FVC predicted, FEV1, and FEV1 predicted; and 5% in biomarkers
aSignificant time effect based on within-subject analysis of variance at alpha = 0.01
bStudy recruitment at baseline was within 30 days from anti-TB treatment initiation. Some samples may already be “culture negative”