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. 2023 Feb 3;15:6. doi: 10.1186/s11689-022-09471-9

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 4 — Functional enrichment analysis of proteomic results. A Volcano plot of all 3296 identified proteins quantified by proteomic analysis. B Heatmap was plotted based on the levels of the differentially expressed proteins. The color intensity indicates the expressional protein level as displayed: red, highest; green, lowest. C Biological pathway analysis of differently expressed proteins was performed in Metascape. The top 15 significantly enriched terms were displayed. Color-coded P-values indicate the significance of the enrichment for each bin as indicated. Our experiment observed abnormal behaviors and impairment in neurite outgrowth in Sh-NRXN1 rats. Combined with the reported correlation of NRXN1 on neurotransmitter release, the features we focus on are highlighted in red. D The proteomic result was uploaded into ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA). Top-ranked significantly enriched disease and disorder (left) and molecular and cellular (right) pathways in the IPA reference database were listed. E The importance of the downregulated protein-coding gene was assessed using a GSEA approach. The position of subjected genes in the ranked list was represented by black bars, and the purple curve represents the running enrichment score (ES). The normalized enrichment score (NES) is the primary statistic for assessing gene set enrichment results. GSEA revealed a significant enrichment of ECM_RECEPTOR_INTERACTION (left), EXTRACELLULAR_M-ATRIX_ORGANIZATION (middle), and INTEGRIN_CELL_SURFACE_INTERA-CTIONS (right), ****P < 0.0001