Table 2.

Changes in hemodynamic variables

	T0	T1	T2	T3	T4	T5	T6	pGroup×Time
MAP (mmHg)								< 0.001
Non-hypotension	100 ± 9	88 ± 11†	90 ± 9	89 ± 10	100 ± 24	101 ± 24	108 ± 18†
Hypotension	105 ± 11	90 ± 11†	86 ± 11†	79 ± 11*†	68 ± 13*†	58 ± 15*†	74 ± 17*†
HR (beats/min)								< 0.001
Non-hypotension	76 ± 13	83 ± 12	79 ± 11	79 ± 12	89 ± 18†	98 ± 21†	95 ± 18†
Hypotension	73 ± 12	80 ± 13†	76 ± 12	73 ± 11	73 ± 14*	73 ± 16*	80 ± 15*†
PVI								0.613
Non-hypotension	13 [11–22]	16 [6–20]	14 [8–18]	12 [7–16]	11 [7–15]	13 [10–15]	15 [13–17]
Hypotension	15 [11–19]	11 [8–18]†	11 [7–17]†	10 [7–16]†	11 [8–17]†	13 [10–18]	16 [13–21]
Pi								0.024
Non-hypotension	1.7 [1.3–2.9]	5.5 [4.5–8.1]†	4.9 [3.2–7.3]†	5.1 [3.1–7.1]†	2.7 [1.6–5.0]	2.5 [1.6–3.4]	3.6 [2.0–4.5]
Hypotension	3.4 [2.3–5.2]*	5.8 [4.1–7.0]†	5.3 [3.7–6.7]†	5.1 [3.7–6.3]†	3.5 [2.1–5.8]	3.3 [2.5–4.4]*	3.6 [2.2–4.9]
SVV								0.009
Non-hypotension		9 [7–12]	9 [8–10]	9 [8–11]	10 [8–15]	18 [17–22]†	23 [14–24]†
Hypotension		10 [7–13]	10 [8–13]	11 [8–13]†	14 [9–20]†	27 [21–33]*†	30 [20–35]*†
CI								0.050
Non-hypotension		2.6 [2.1–3.1]	2.8 [2.2–3.3]	2.6 [2.1–3.2]	2.3 [2.0–3.1]	2.1 [1.7–3.1]	2.9 [2.3–3.5]
Hypotension		2.6 [2.1–3.3]	2.6 [2.0–3.3]	2.5 [1.9–3.0]†	1.8 [1.4–2.5]*†	1.2 [0.6–1.7]*†	2.1 [1.4–2.6]*†

Values are presented as mean ± standard deviation or median [interquartile range]

T0 induction of anesthesia; T1 just before ARM T2 initiation of ARM; T3 0.5 min; T4 1 min; T5 1.5 min; T6 2 min after initiation of ARM; MAP mean arterial pressure; HR heart rate; PVI pleth variability index; Pi perfusion index; SVV stroke volume variation; CI cardiac index

p_Group×Time, p-value of the group, and time interaction obtained by linear mixed model analysis

^*p < 0.05 compared with the non-hypotension group

^†p < 0.05 compared with the value of “T0” in each group in MAP, HR, PVI, and Pi

^†p < 0.05 compared with the value of “T1” in each group in CI, SVV