TABLE 3.
Bivariate statistics, including odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI), of delayed diagnosis, delayed linkage to care, and treatment nonadherence among patients receiving HIV/AIDS care in Salvador, Brazil, 2010
| Delayed diagnosis OR (95% CI) | Delayed linkage to care OR (95% CI) | Treatment nonadherence OR (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sociodemographic variables | |||
| Gender | |||
| Female | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) |
| Male | 1.75 (1.4–2.2) a | 0.87 (0.7–1.1) | 0.97 (0.7–1.3) |
| Age | |||
| 18 to 44 | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) |
| 45 years and older | 1.59 (1.2–2.1)a | 1.02 (0.8–1.3) | 0.72 (0.5–1.0)b |
| Color of skin | |||
| White | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) |
| Brown/Black/Indigenous/Yellow/Other | 0.82 (0.5–1.3) | 0.86 (0.6–1.2) | 0.85 (0.5–1.3) |
| Self-identified sexual orientation | |||
| Heterosexual | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) |
| Homosexual and bisexual males | 0.96 (0.7–1.3) | 0.99 (0.8–1.2) | 1.19 (0.9–1.6) |
| Civil status | |||
| With partner | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) |
| Single | 1.27 (1.0–1.6)c | 1.14 (0.9–1.4) | 0.90 (0.7–1.2) |
| Education | |||
| Completed 8 or fewer years of education | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) |
| Completed more than 8 years of education | 0.99 (0.8–1.3) | 0.81 (0.7–1.0)b | 1.08 (0.8–1.4) |
| Employment and assistance | |||
| Unemployed | 1.26 (1.0–1.6)c | 1.64 (1.3–2.0)a | 0.90 (0.7–1.2) |
| Received social or financial assistance in past 3 months | 0.86 (0.7–1.1) | 1.11 (0.9–1.4) | 1.41 (1.1–1.9)d |
| Transportation and child care | |||
| Experienced transportation difficulties to care (ever) | 1.01 (0.8–1.4) | 1.33 (1.1–1.6)a | 1.11 (0.8–1.5) |
| Had trouble finding child care when seeking HIV services | 0.53 (0.4–0.8)a | 1.17 (0.9–1.6) | 1.56 (1.1–2.3)d |
| Drug user | 0.67 (0.5–0.9)b | 1.45 (1.1–1.8)a | 1.56 (1.1–2.2)a |
| Verbal or physical discrimination (ever, related to HIV) | 0.89 (0.7–1.2) | 1.44 (1.2–1.8)a | 1.84 (1.4–2.5)a |
| Sexual health and behavior (yes vs. no) | |||
| Has steady partner | 0.82 (0.6–1.0) | 0.77 (0.6–0.9)a | 0.93 (0.7–1.2) |
| 5 or more sexual partners in past 12 months | 0.66 (0.4–1.0)b | 1.16 (0.8–1.6) | 1.37 (0.9–2.1) |
| Prior sexually transmitted infection | 0.97 (0.8–1.2) | 1.28 (1.0–1.6)b | 1.23 (0.9–1.6)c |
| Provider initiated testing (not patient, or other) | 3.00 (2.3–3.9)a | 0.92 (0.8–1.1) | 0.91 (0.7–1.2) |
| Experienced forced sex (ever) | 0.53 (0.4–0.8)a | 1.29 (1.0–1.7)c | 1.64 (1.1–2.4)d |
| Quality of health services (yes vs. no) | |||
| Felt mistreated or not properly attended at HIV care (ever) | 0.85 (0.6–1.2) | 1.43 (1.1–1.8)a | 2.16 (1.6–2.9)a |
| Difficulty understanding or speaking with a HCWd (ever) | 1.09 (0.8–1.4) | 1.43 (1.2–1.7)a | 1.74 (1.3–2.3)a |
| Confidentiality (both private space and HCW trust) | 0.77 (0.5–1.1) | 0.69 (0.5–0.9)a | 0.58 (0.4–0.8)a |
| Received results in private space | 0.38 (0.2–0.6)a | 0.74 (0.5–1.0)c | 0.70 (0.5–1.1)c |
| Trusted HCW to not disclose results | 0.95 (0.6–1.4) | 0.76 (0.6–1.0)c | 0.55 (0.4–0.8)a |
| Counseling | 0.81 (0.6–1.0)c | 0.94 (0.8–1.2) | 1.12 (0.8–1.5) |
| Received pretest counseling | 0.81 (0.6–1.0)c | 0.92 (0.8–1.1) | 1.25 (0.9–1.7) |
| Received posttest counseling | 0.62 (0.4–0.9)a | 0.76 (0.6–1.0)b | 0.62 (0.4–0.9)a |
a
P ≤ 0.01.
b
P ≤ 0.05.
c
P ≤ 0.10.
d
HCW = health care worker.