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. 2023 Feb 3;13(6):1600–1620. doi: 10.1007/s13346-023-01297-9

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© Controlled Release Society 2023, Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

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Fig. 2 — Schematic diagram of different types of MNs. a Flow chart of drug delivery by solid MNs, coated MNs, dissolving MNs, and hollow MNs [65].

Copyright 2018 Elsevier. Representative images of b dissolving MNs [66], Copyright 2021 Wiley; c coated MNs [67], Copyright 2017 Elsevier; and d hydrogel MNs [52], Copyright 2020 Wiley