Table 2.

Cost-Effectiveness Analysis Comparing Vaccination to No Intervention to Address the U.S. COVID-19 Pandemic.

Comparator	Cost ($)	dCost ($)	Effectiveness (QALYs)	dEffectiveness (dQALYs)	ICER ($/QALY)	Program Cost ($ Billions)	Budget Impact ($ per person)
Do Nothing	102	-	0.879	-	-	33.797	102
Vaccination	86	−16	0.899	0.020	Dominates	13.042	40

Definitions: ICER, incremental cost-effectiveness ratio; QALY, quality-adjusted life year; dCost, difference in cost; dEffectiveness, difference in effectiveness; dQALYs, difference in QALYs

Dominates indicates that the alternative is preferred at a lower cost and higher effectiveness relative to “Do Nothing.”