Table 2. Effects of Xanomeline and Donepezil on Wake and NREM Fragmentation during the Inactive Phase in Young and Nonpathologically Aged Micea .
| young |
aged |
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| wake |
NREM |
wake |
NREM |
||||||
| bout number, ZT 2–10 (SEM) | average bout duration, ZT 2–10 (s), (SEM) | bout number, ZT 2–10 (SEM) | average bout duration, ZT 2–10 (s) (SEM) | bout number, ZT 2–10 (SEM) | average bout duration, ZT 2–10 (s), (SEM) | bout number, ZT 2–10 (SEM) | average bout duration, ZT 2–10 (s) (SEM) | ||
| xanomeline (mg/kg) | vehicle | 100.3 (3.552) | 77.83 (3.771) | 101.1 (3.478) | 189.9 (7.645) | 105.9 (3.996) | 79.65 (3.350) | 106.5 (3.517) | 174.4 (7.528) |
| 3 | 101.4 (4.343) | 90.89 (4.846) | 100.7 (4.489) | 179.9 (8.768) | 95.69 (3.834) | 87.63 (4.086) | 98.31 (3.795) | 189.2 (7.952) | |
| 10 | 100.4 (6.360) | 101.1 (7.655)* | 97.86 (6.557) | 180.7 (9.972) | 119.9 (10.75) | 88.35 (9.693) | 120.8 (10.78) | 156.2 (11.45) | |
| 30 | 93.79 (5.345) | 126.0 (8.73)**** | 91.07 (5.538) | 178.7 (9.147) | 96.77 (6.678) | 161.2 (14.95)**** | 95.69 (6.711) | 141.9 (8.663)** | |
| 1-way ANOVA | F3,39 = 0.5026 | F3,39 = 12.42 | F3,39 = 0.8155 | F3,39 = 0.4077 | F3,36 = 3.425 | F3,36 = 21.27 | F3,36 = 3.492 | F3,36 = 8.330 | |
| P value | 0.6827 | <0.0001 | 0.4931 | 0.7484 | 0.0272 | <0.0001 | 0.0253 | 0.0002 | |
| donepezil (mg/kg) | vehicle | 107.7 (3.864) | 65.90 (3.341) | 106.5 (4.281) | 183.3 (8.886) | 108.7 (5.486) | 73.65 (4.136) | 108.8 (5.634) | 181.2 (9.980) |
| 0.1 | 98.46 (5.297) | 69.40 (3.512) | 99.08 (5.317) | 204.0 (11.36) | 116.1 (8.822) | 72.66 (4.509) | 116.6 (8.723) | 172.1 (10.98) | |
| 0.3 | 106.4 (17.99) | 67.25 (3.278) | 106.5 (5.021) | 184.0 (9.716) | 119.9 (9.167) | 71.87 (4.036) | 121.5 (8.928) | 164.5 (11.68) | |
| 1 | 96.62 (5.424) | 72.83 (3.602) | 95.23 (5.021) | 209.1 (12.43) | 109.6 (8.478) | 75.43 (4.153) | 110.9 (8.528) | 182.8 (12.57) | |
| 3 | 86.23 (4.008)** | 91.93 (5.831)**** | 83.46 (3.640)*** | 226.4 (11.75)** | 123.2 (8.584) | 90.99 (8.022) | 122.9 (8.563) | 140.7 (8.501)* | |
| 1-way ANOVA | F4,48 = 4.998 | F4,48 = 7.566 | F4,48 = 6.272 | F4,48 = 4.481 | F4,52 = 0.6461 | F4,52 = 0.2230 | F4,52 = 0.6724 | F4,52 = 3.364 | |
| P value | 0.0019 | <0.0001 | 0.0004 | 0.0037 | 0.6322 | 0.0784 | 0.6141 | 0.0160 | |
a
*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, and ****p < 0.0001, Dunnett’s multiple comparisons compared to the vehicle condition.