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. 2022 Dec 5;119(50):e2214096119. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2214096119

Fig. 5.

Fig. 5.

Transgenic expression of SlAV1 ORF3 in S. lycopersici and S. vesicarium strains enhances disease resistance of tomato plants. (A) Tomato plants presprayed with hyphal fragment suspensions of ORF3-T strains, SlAV1-infected strains, ΔPKS1 mutants, virulent strains, or sterile water. (B–D) Tomato plants presprayed with hyphal fragment suspensions of SlHN-10-ORF3-T, SvHN-02-ORF3-T, or SlHN-03 but not sterile water show enhanced resistance against virulent S. lycopersici and S. vesicarium strain, respectively. The hyphal fragment suspension of virulent strains SlHN-10 or SvHN-02 is sprayed on leaves 48 h after spraying plants with their ORF3-transgenic expressed or SlHN-03 hyphal fragment suspensions, respectively. (E–G) The leaf closeup photos of (B–D), respectively. (H) Survival rates of infected tomato plants after spraying hyphal fragment suspensions of ORF3-T, SlHN-03, ΔPKS mutants, or sterile water. (I) Height measurement of plants with single or sequential spray of fungal strains or sterile water. Photos were taken 5 d post inoculation, plant survival rates of each day for fourteen consecutive days were calculated from nine tomato plants used for each treatment. Error bars indicate SDs (n = 6). Different letters indicate the statistically significant difference by a one-way ANOVA (P < 0.05).