Table 1.
Table showing descriptive and univariate analysis of all variables categorized into four domains.
| Variables | Category | NSP (n = 34) | SP (n = 31) | P* |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Socio-demographics | ||||
| Age | 18–30 | 9 (26.47) | 7 (22.58) | 0.822 |
| 31–40 | 16 (47.06) | 17 (54.84) | ||
| 41–50 | 9 (26.47) | 7 (22.58) | ||
| Sex | Male | 26 (76.47) | 28 (90.32) | 0.137 |
| Female | 8 (23.53) | 3 (9.68) | ||
| Race | Malay | 17 (50.00) | 18 (58.06) | 0.752 |
| Chinese | 12 (35.29) | 9 (29.04) | ||
| Indian | 4 (11.76) | 2 (6.45) | ||
| Others | 1 (2.95) | 2 (6.45) | ||
| Marital status | Married | 14 (41.18) | 9 (29.03) | 0.712 |
| Single | 19 (55.88) | 21 (67.74) | ||
| Others | 1 (2.94) | 1 (3.23) | ||
| Education level | Primary | 1 (2.94) | 3 (9.67) | 0.117 |
| Secondary | 20 (58.82) | 23 (74.19) | ||
| Higher education | 13 (38.24) | 5 (16.14) | ||
| Primary mode of wheelchair mobility | Manual wheelchair | 30 (88.26) | 29 (93.55) | 0.674 |
| Motorized wheelchair | 4 (11.74) | 2 (6.45) | ||
| Employment status | Employed | 16 (47.06) | 27 (87.09) | 0.001 |
| Unemployed | 18 (52.94) | 4 (12.91) | ||
| Monthly income (for employed participant) | <MYR3000 (<USD 700) | 13 (81.25) | 24 (88.88) | 0.02 |
| ≥MYR3000 (≥USD 700) | 3 (18.75) | 3 (11.12) | ||
| SCI-related | ||||
| Level/severity of injury | Complete tetraplegia | 8 (23.53) | 3 (9.67) | 0.286 |
| Incomplete tetraplegia | 3 (8.82) | 2 (6.45) | ||
| Complete paraplegia | 14 (41.18) | 20 (64.52) | ||
| Incomplete paraplegia | 9 (26.47) | 6 (19.36) | ||
| Etiology of injury | Traumatic | 25 (73.53) | 29 (93.55) | 0.032 |
| Non-traumatic | 9 (26.47) | 2 (6.45) | ||
| Concomitant injuries (for traumatic SCI) | Long bone fracture | 2 (8.00) | 4 (13.79) | 0.121 |
| Chest injury | 0 (0.00) | 2 (6.89) | ||
| Intra-abdominal injury | 2 (8.00) | 2 (6.89) | ||
| Others | 0 (0.00) | 1 (3.46) | ||
| Nil | 21 (84.00) | 20 (68.97) | ||
| Underlying chronic disease | Cardiac disease | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | 0.615 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 0 (0.00) | 1 (3.23) | ||
| Diabetes mellitus | 1 (2.94) | 0 | ||
| Hypertension | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | ||
| Others | 3 (8.82) | 1 (3.23) | ||
| Nil | 30 (88.24) | 29 (93.54) | ||
| Environmental | ||||
| Place of residence | Urban | 24 (70.59) | 19 (61.29) | 0.429 |
| Rural | 10 (29.41) | 12 (38.71) | ||
| Availability of sport facility | Available | 2 (5.88) | 6 (19.35) | 0.138 |
| Not available | 32 (94.12) | 25 (80.65) | ||
| Accessibility to sport facility (if present) | Easily accessible | 1 (50.00) | 5 (83.33) | 0.190 |
| Not accessible | 1 (50.00) | 1 (16.67) | ||
| Main mode of transportation | Drives own vehicles | 10 (29.41) | 23 (74.19) | 0.000 |
| Others (relies on others or public transport) | 24 (70.59) | 8 (25.81) | ||
| Sport-related | ||||
| Pre-injury sports participation | Yes | 16 (47.06) | 26 (83.87) | 0.002 |
| No | 18 (52.94) | 5 (16.13) | ||
| Duration between injury and first sports participation post injury (sports participant only) | <5 years | N/A | 17 (54.84) | |
| 5–10 years | N/A | 4 (12.90) | ||
| >10 years | N/A | 10 (32.26) | ||
| Pre-injury interest in sport | Yes | 14 (41.18) | 27 (87.09) | 0.000 |
| No | 20 (58.82) | 4 (12.91) | ||
| Post injury interest in sport | Yes | 10 (29.42) | 31 (100) | |
| No | 24 (70.58) | (0.00) |
Abbreviations: NSP, non-sports participant; SP, sports participants; N/A, not applicable.
Values given are number (%).
*P-values obtained from χ2-statistics are considered significant, if <0.05.