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. 2023 Feb 2;15(1):2168101. doi: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2168101

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© 2023 The Author(s). Published with license by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Figure 5. — Microbial metabolites from PCD mice and patients stimulated 5-HT biosynthesis in RIN14B cell line. (a) Schematic diagram showing the procedure of microbial metabolites-induced 5-HT overproduction. Fecal pellets were dissolved, filtrated, and centrifuged, then, 120 μL/mg washed bacteria and 0.1 g/mL filtrated solution were incubated with RIN-14B cell, respectively, and UPLC/MS was applied to determine BAs metabolism in feces. (b) Excessive serotonin level released in RIN-14B cell supernatants stimulated by fecal filtrates from PCD mice, ionomycin was applied for positive control, n = 3–6. (c) Elevated mRNA expression of intracellular TpH1 in RIN-14B cells after exposed to fecal filtrates from PCD mice, n = 6. (d) Serotonin level released in RIN-14B cell supernatants among three grouped donors (left panel) and 15 individuals (right panel). (e) Elevated mRNA expression of intracellular TpH1 in RIN-14B cells after exposed to fecal filtrates from PCD patients (left panel) and relative expression of TpH1 in RIN-14B cells, when exposed to fecal filtrates from 15 individuals (right panel). Data are displayed as mean ± SEM; NC normal control; * p < .05, **p < .01, *** p < .005.