Figure 2:
A. Microelectrode recording and surface unipolar multi-electrode mapping of the canine SAN preparation shows that earliest atrial activation (star) occurred more than 100 ms later and 10 mm away from the SAN leading pacemaker. B. 3D human SAN model with SACPs. C. Schematic to show intramural location of the human SAN, and Near-infrared optical mapping (NIOM) SAN and atrial activation maps showing intramural SAN conduction. D. Left, Human SAN and atrial optical action potentials (OAPs) recorded from ex-vivo NIOM experiments. (Modified from17,2).