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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Heart Rhythm. 2022 Sep 14;20(1):122–133. doi: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2022.08.039

Figure 7:

Figure 7:

A. Central panel describes challenges in mapping and ablating human SAN arrhythmias. B. DE-MRI can be utilized to visualize SAN and CT. C. Damage to phrenic nerve can be avoided by utilizing an epicardial balloon. D. SAN can be identified with SAN electrogram (EG) recorded from electrodes placed close to the SAN. (Modified from12,2,41).