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. 2022 Dec 30;30:100668. doi: 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2022.100668

Table 2.

Study area characteristics (pph = people per hectare; 95% CI = 95% confidence interval).

Demographics All districts (n = 40)
Hà Nội districts (n = 11)
Thanh Hóa districts (n = 10)
An Giang districts (n = 10)
Cà Mau districts (n = 9)
Mean 95% CI Mean 95% CI Mean 95% CI Mean 95% CI Mean 95% CI
Population density (pph) 9.6 (7.7–11.6) 14.7 (10.6–18.8) 10.7 (8–13.4) 8.2 (4.8–11.5) 3.8 (1.7–6)
Poverty index 0.057 (0.046–0.067) 0.023 (0.012–0.035) 0.053 (0.042–0.065) 0.059 (0.039–0.078) 0.099 (0.084–0.114)
Proportion rural land cover 0.879 (0.842–0.916) 0.833 (0.752–0.914) 0.948 (0.904–0.991) 0.889 (0.821–0.958) 0.846 (0.744–0.949)
Proportion urban land cover 0.071 (0.04–0.102) 0.118 (0.049–0.188) 0.029 (0.006–0.053) 0.078 (0.025–0.13) 0.053 (0.0–0.153)
Drug outlets
Number of drug outlets (total) 1972 810 479 429 254

Mean
95% CI
Mean
95% CI
Mean
95% CI
Mean
95% CI
Mean
95% CI
Drug outlet density (outlets per 100,000 people) 101.6 (85.6–117.7) 133.0 (88.9–177.2) 97.7 (86.7–108.7) 88.9 (71.2–106.7) 81.7 (38.6–124.9)
 Proportion ‘pharmacies’ 0.091 (0.02–0.163) 0.019 (0.006–0.033) 0.091 (0.0–0.195) 0.188 (0.0–0.452) 0.072 (0.0–0.204)
 Proportion ‘drug counters’ 0.798 (0.729–0.868) 0.894 (0.861–0.927) 0.744 (0.641–0.848) 0.718 (0.466–0.97) 0.831 (0.714–0.948)
 Proportion ‘medical stations’ 0.110 (0.092–0.128) 0.087 (0.058–0.115) 0.164 (0.128–0.201) 0.094 (0.061–0.127) 0.097 (0.059–0.134)
Registration
Proportion displaying registration 0.527 (0.449–0.605) 0.323 (0.261–0.385) 0.311 (0.229–0.393) 0.765 (0.699–0.83) 0.752 (0.662–0.842)
Pharmacists
Proportion with named pharmacist 0.710 (0.669–0.75) 0.646 (0.571–0.721) 0.611 (0.576–0.645) 0.792 (0.717–0.867) 0.806 (0.735–0.877)
 BPharm qualification 0.052 (0–0.105) 0.007 (0.001–0.012) 0.031 (0.003–0.059) 0.155 (0.0–0.368) 0.019 (0.0–0.05)
 CDPharm qualification 0.427 (0.345–0.509) 0.291 (0.212–0.369) 0.230 (0.149–0.311) 0.566 (0.36–0.771) 0.657 (0.528–0.787)
 Unknown qualification 0.224 (0.173–0.275) 0.337 (0.258–0.416) 0.342 (0.283–0.401) 0.071 (0.031–0.112) 0.126 (0.017–0.234)