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. 2022 Oct 28;37(1):47–58. doi: 10.7555/JBR.36.20220156

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Copyright and License information: Journal of Biomedical Research, CAS Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2023

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-Share Alike 4.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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Pathways related to epithelial-mesenchymal transition.

Activation of the TGF-β pathway leads to EMT through the regulation of SMAD and other downstream effectors. The WNT/β-catenin pathway intersects with the SMAD-dependent pathway and contributes to EMT cooperatively. TGF-β: transforming growth factor-β; SMAD: mothers against decapentaplegic; WNT: Wingless; FZD: Frizzled; DVL: Dishevelled; LEF: lymphoid enhancer factor; ZEB: zinc-finger E-box-binding; MMP: matrix metalloproteinase; EMT: epithelial-mesenchymal transition.