Table 2.

Bivariate and Point-Biserial Correlations Between Sociodemographic, Pain Characteristics, Primary Predictor, and Primary Outcome Variables

Variable	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11
1 Sex	-	−.08	.06	.06	.03	−.10	−.05	.10	−.05	.06	.16**
2 Age		-	−.01	−.05	.02	.26**	.18**	.06	−.04	.01	−.06
3 Race a			-	.12*	−.02	.07	.12*	.12*	−.19**	.17**	.12*
4 Education				-	.23**	.01	.16**	.16**	−.16**	.31**	.33
5 Income					-	−.17**	.09	−.04	−.10	.06	.01
6 Marital status						-	.06	−.01	−.07	.09	.06
7 Pain intensity b							-	.45**	.08	.54**	.29**
8 Pain catastrophizing d								-	−.11	.67**	.45**
9 Past-month use frequency									-	−.05	−.12*
10 BZD Dependence severity e											.57**
11 BZD Misuse f											-

Note. N = 306.

^aWhite versus non-white;

^bGraded Chronic Pain Scale – Characteristic Pain Intensity;

^cGraded Chronic Pain Scale - Disability;

^dPain Catastrophizing Scale;

^eSeverity of Dependence Scale total score;

^fNo misuse versus any misuse in past year;

^*p < .05;

^**p < .01.