Table 3.

Pain Intensity on BZD Dependence Severity, Past-Month BZD Use Frequency, and Likelihood of BZD Misuse

Linear Regressions
	BZD Dependence Severity			Past-Month BZD Use Frequency
Variable	β	t	p	β	t	p
Sex	.063	1.356	.176	−.031	−.559	.577
Age	−.064	−1.361	.175	−.077	−1.360	.175
Race	.073	1.554	.121	−.181	−3.220	.001^**
Education	.212	4.480	< .001^**	−.165	−2.902	.004^**
Pain intensity^a	.515	10.717	< .001^**	.141	2.440	.015^*
R²		.360			.076
ΔR²		.245			.018
F for ΔR²		114.863^**			5.955^*

Logistic Regression: Likelihood of BZD Misuse
Variable	B	SE	AOR	95% CI	p
Sex	−1.082	.383	.339	.160 – .718	.005^**
Age	−.028	.016	.973	.943–.1.004	.083
Race	−.484	.453	.616	.254–1.497	.285
Education	.753	.170	2.123	1.522–2.961	< .001^**
Pain intensity ^a	.185	.043	1.204	1.107–1.309	< .001^**

Note: N = 306. Linear regression: Results shown are from the second step of each linear regression model; β = standardized beta weights. Logistic regression: Results shown are from the second step of the logistic regression model; AOR = adjusted odds ratio; Sex: Reference group = female; Race: Reference group = White;

Graded Chronic Pain Scale – Characteristic Pain Intensity;

p < .05,

^**

p < .01