Table 4.
Life Events, Experiences, and Health and Well-being of Lesbian and Gay Older Adults by Generational Age Cohort.
| Total |
Pride |
Silenced |
Invisible |
Pride (Ref) versus Silenced b or AOR (SE) | Pride (Ref) versus Invisible b or AOR (SE) | Silenced (Ref) versus Invisible b or AOR (SE) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||||
| Identity | Age at awareness, M (SE) | 19.09 (0.39) | 18.57 (0.51) | 20.62 (0.60) | 17.01 (0.88) | 1.89 (0.75)* | −0.68 (0.97) | −2.57 (0.99)** |
| Age at disclosure, M (SE) | 25.61 (0.44) | 24.54 (0.57) | 28.21 (0.66) | 27.13 (1.38) | 3.20 (0.87)*** | 2.87 (1.50) | −0.33 (1.53) | |
| Time in closet, M (SE) | 6.31 (0.35) | 5.86 (0.46) | 7.19 (0.49) | 9.00 (1.19) | 1.17 (0.71) | 2.82 (1.32)* | 1.65 (1.32) | |
| Outness, M (SE) | 8.50 (0.08) | 8.64 (0.10) | 8.26 (0.12) | 7.53 (0.28) | −0.40 (0.15)* | −1.02 (0.29)*** | −0.63 (0.29)* | |
| Identity stigma, M (SE) | 1.49 (0.03) | 1.49 (0.04) | 1.46 (0.04) | 1.67 (0.08) | −0.02 (0.05) | 0.17 (0.09) | 0.18 (0.09)* | |
| Kin relations | Never married/never partnered, % (SE) | 8.04 (0.01) | 8.73 (0.01) | 6.30 (0.01) | 8.28 (0.02) | 0.80 (0.21) | 0.72 (0.26) | 0.91 (0.32) |
| Different-gender marriage, % (SE) | 27.40 (1.65) | 23.97 (0.02) | 36.48 (0.03) | 23.29 (0.04) | 1.87 (0.32)*** | 1.21 (0.31) | 0.65 (0.16) | |
| Married/partnered, % (SE) | 52.34 (0.02) | 53.64 (0.02) | 49.76 (0.03) | 46.75 (0.05) | 0.80 (0.13) | 0.81 (0.17) | 1.02 (0.22) | |
| Death of a partner/spouse, % (SE) | 26.18 (0.02) | 23.82 (0.02) | 28.90 (0.02) | 52.64 (0.05) | 1.44 (0.25)* | 3.25 (0.76)*** | 2.27 (0.51)*** | |
| Ex-spouse/partner, close, % (SE) | 38.89 (0.02) | 37.98 (0.02) | 41.86 (0.03) | 33.05 (0.05) | 1.24 (0.19) | 1.09 (0.28) | 0.88 (0.23) | |
| Living children, close, M (SE) | 0.42 (0.04) | 0.45 (0.05) | 0.39 (0.05) | 0.20 (0.05) | −0.02 (0.07) | −0.12 (0.06) | −0.10 (0.07) | |
| Other immediate family, close, M (SE) | 2.33 (0.10) | 2.47 (0.13) | 1.96 (0.16) | 2.30 (0.33) | −0.46 (0.21)* | −0.10 (0.37) | 0.36 (00.37) | |
| Work | Retired, current, % (SE) | 28.80 (0.01) | 10.63 (0.01) | 66.69 (0.03) | 86.61 (0.03) | 16.33 (2.87)*** | 49.37 (14.00)*** | 3.02 (0.80)*** |
| Military service, % (SE) | 13.38 (0.01) | 6.30 (0.01) | 25.37 (0.03) | 60.47 (0.05) | 4.58 (1.22)*** | 19.67 (5.88)*** | 4.29 (0.98)*** | |
| Not promoted, % (SE) | 25.52 (0.02) | 27.82 (0.02) | 21.01 (0.02) | 14.98 (0.04) | 0.69 (0.12)* | 0.39 (0.14)** | 0.57 (0.21) | |
| Fired from job, % (SE) | 16.78 (0.01) | 19.13 (0.02) | 1 1.92 (0.02) | 8.44 (0.02) | 0.58 (0.12)** | 0.35 (0.1 1)** | 0.61 (0.20) | |
| Bias experiences | Lifetime victimization, M (SE) | 4.65 (0.20) | 5.17 (0.27) | 3.54 (0.20) | 3.15 (0.32) | −1.70 (0.34)*** | −2.56 (0.46)*** | −0.86 (0.40)* |
| Property damage, % (SE) | 25.64 (0.02) | 28.41 (0.02) | 20.01 (0.02) | 14.93 (0.03) | 0.63 (0.1 1)** | 0.39 (0.12)** | 0.62 (0.19) | |
| Threatened to out, % (SE) | 25.16 (0.02) | 26.40 (0.02) | 22.96 (0.02) | 17.87 (0.03) | 0.82 (0.14) | 0.59 (0.16)* | 0.72 (0.19) | |
| Hassled by police, % (SE) | 24.64 (0.02) | 25.73 (0.02) | 21.74 (0.02) | 25.95 (0.04) | 0.78 (0.14) | 0.88 (0.23) | 1.13 (0.30) | |
| Denied care/inferior care, % (SE) | 13.90 (0.01) | 16.46 (0.02) | 8.40 (0.01) | 6.44 (0.02) | 0.49 (0.10)** | 0.29 (0.1 1)** | 0.60 (0.24) | |
| Social | Attend meeting/group activities, % (SE) | 53.49 (0.02) | 50.76 (0.02) | 59.55 (0.03) | 59.76 (0.05) | 1.53 (0.23)** | 1.53 (0.37) | 1.00 (0.24) |
| engagement | Socialize with friend and family, % (SE) | 89.33 (0.01) | 87.92 (0.02) | 92.17 (0.02) | 94.74 (0.02) | 1.53 (0.47) | 2.35 (0.94)* | 1.54 (0.68) |
| Community activism, % (SE) | 74.69 (0.02) | 73.21 (0.02) | 78.42 (0.02) | 75.22 (0.04) | 1.32 (0.24) | 0.95 (0.24) | 0.72 (0.19) | |
| LGBT community engagement, M (SE) | 3.86 (0.05) | 3.83 (0.06) | 3.92 (0.07) | 3.95 (0.10) | 0.13 (0.09) | 0.14 (0.13) | 0.02 (0.13) | |
| Spirituality, M (SE) | 3.77 (0.06) | 3.81 (0.08) | 3.71 (0.08) | 3.30 (0.16) | 0.04 (0.12) | −0.27 (0.18) | −0.30 (0.18) | |
| Health and well-being | Physical impairment, M (SE) | 0.79 (0.03) | 0.76 (0.05) | 0.81 (0.05) | 1.14 (0.08) | 0.09 (0.06) | 0.48 (0.10)*** | 0.39 (0.10)*** |
| HIV/AIDS, % (SE) | 20.05 (0.02) | 23.60 (0.02) | 13.34 (0.02) | 2.19 (0.01) | 0.47 (0.12)** | 0.04 (0.02)*** | 0.09 (0.05)*** | |
| Depressive symptomatology, % (SE) | 30.30 (0.02) | 35.1 1 (0.02) | 19.26 (0.02) | 22.25 (0.04) | 0.43 (0.08)*** | 0.52 (0.14)* | 1.21 (0.35) | |
| Quality of life, M (SE) | 4.05 (0.04) | 3.95 (0.05) | 4.27 (0.04) | 4.18 (0.05) | 0.32 (0.07)*** | 0.25 (0.08)** | −0.07 (0.07) | |
Note. Survey weights were applied. With the Pride Generation as the reference category, comparisons were made for the Silenced and Invisible generations. Additional linear (for continuous variables) or logistic (for binary variables) regression analyses were run to make comparisons between the Silenced and Invisible generations. Findings were adjusted for income (<200% FPL vs. 200% FPL or more), education (high school or less vs. some college or more), and race/ethnicity (Non-Hispanic white vs. people of color). LGBT: Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender
*
p < .05,
**
p < .01,
***
p < .001