Table 1:
Demographic, Clinical, and Incarceration-Related Characteristics of the Incarceration Events
| Total (N=31 382) | MOUD (N=17 119) |
Out-of-treatment (N=14 263) |
Standardized difference | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Legal characteristics | ||||
| < 3 days in jail | 4% | 2% | 6% | 0.23 |
| Highest charge severity at/near admission (≤ 15 days) | ||||
| Felony | 42% | 26% | 61% | 0.90 |
| Misdemeanor | 52% | 71% | 30% | |
| Other | 6% | 3% | 9% | |
| Parole violation at/near admission (≤ 15 days) | 7% | 3% | 12% | 0.35 |
| Average length of incarceration (SD), in days | 60 (79) | 44 (60) | 79 (93) | 0.45 |
| Behavioral characteristics | ||||
| Self-reported injection drug use | 46% | 51% | 39% | 0.23 |
| Current smoking | 82% | 83% | 80% | 0.06 |
| Clinical characteristics | ||||
| Alcohol use/dependence/use disorder | 25% | 25% | 25% | 0.01 |
| Cocaine use/dependence/use disorder | 34% | 38% | 30% | 0.16 |
| Serious mental illness designation by CHS | 5% | 5% | 5% | 0.02 |
| Personality disorders diagnosis | 13% | 11% | 16% | 0.13 |
| PTSD, trauma, stress-related disorders diagnosis | 9% | 9% | 9% | 0.01 |
| Depression and depressive symptoms diagnosis | 13% | 13% | 13% | 0.01 |
| Bipolar and related disorders diagnosis | 6% | 6% | 7% | 0.02 |
| Schizophrenia and psychotic disorders diagnosis | 5% | 5% | 6% | 0.06 |
| HIV diagnosis | 8% | 9% | 7% | 0.06 |
| Housing characteristics | ||||
| Homelessness | 17% | 19% | 15% | 0.11 |
| Demographic characteristics | ||||
| Female | 18% | 23% | 11% | 0.33 |
| Race and ethnicity | ||||
| Hispanic | 44% | 42% | 45% | 0.11 |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 30% | 30% | 31% | |
| Non-Hispanic White | 24% | 26% | 22% | |
| Othersa | 2% | 2% | 2% | |
| Education | ||||
| < High school degree | 43% | 43% | 43% | 0.02 |
| High school degree or equivalent | 37% | 37% | 37% | |
| Some college/trade school | 17% | 17% | 18% | |
| Unknown | 3% | 3% | 3% | |
| Marital status | ||||
| Single, never married | 79% | 79% | 79% | 0.03 |
| Married/partnered | 16% | 15% | 16% | |
| Others | 5% | 6% | 5% | |
| Average age at admission, years (SD) | 42 (11) | 43 (10) | 41 (11) | 0.14 |
| Healthcare utilization | ||||
| Average number of emergency room visits for 3 months prior to discharge date (SD) | 0.42 (1.37) | 0.51 (1.57) | 0.31 (1.07) | 0.15 |
Notes:
a
Others include individuals who reported no or unknown Hispanic ethnicity and Asian or Pacific Islander, American Indian/Alaskan, other-unspecified race, or unknown race.